SELECTIVITY IN HYDROGENATION OVER PLATINUM METAL CATALYSTS - NITROAROMATICS
SELECTIVITY IN HYDROGENATION OVER PLATINUM METAL CATALYSTS - NITROAROMATICS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1970.tb34984.x
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
POND, GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
RYLANDER, PN;KARPENKO, IM;POND, GR
Nitroaromatics on catalytic hydrogenation may form, in addition to the usual aromatic amines, a variety of products containing nitroso, hydroxylamine, azo, azoxy, and hydrazo functions. 1 In certain cases, the final products are derived by rearrangement of intermediates or by interaction of intermediates with the solvent or with other functions in the molecule. Despite numerous specific exceptions, enough work has been done to draw a few generalities concerning factors governing the formation of partially reduced products. Dimeric products usually form in alkaline media, whereas partially reduced monomeric products are formed in neutral media, and anilines in acidic media. The best yields of partially reduced products are obtained if the reduction is interrupted before it stops spontaneously, and if it is carried out in the presence of various inhibitors. Certain functions within the nitro compound, such as divalent sulfur, nitrogen bases, and sulfonamide may favor incomplete reduction. Other functions, particularly carbonyls, may interact with intermediate reduction products before they are reduced to the amine. In the present work, using nitrobenzene primarily as a model compound, an examination was made of factors favoring production of aromatic hydroxylamines. Phenylhydroxylamine may be an intermediate in the conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline according to the following scheme::
