INFORMATION-PROCESSING AND PREY DETECTION
INFORMATION-PROCESSING AND PREY DETECTION
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DOI：
10.2307/1940064
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发表时间：
1993-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
ELLNER, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DUKAS, R;ELLNER, S
我们提出了一个模型来研究觅食者应该如何在不同的潜在猎物类型之间分配注意力，以最大限度地提高他们的净能量摄入率。我们将注意力定义为大脑同时处理信息的能力。我们的模型是基于神经心理学的研究表明，第一，捕食者之间的注意力越来越多的不同的猎物类型减少他们的能力，以检测任何给定的类型，第二，这种减少是更大的猎物项目时，更难以检测。我们的模型还考虑了搜寻率对觅食者发现猎物概率的影响。该模型预测，觅食遇到神秘的猎物应该把所有的注意力集中在一个单一的猎物类型。当遇到显眼的猎物时，觅食者应该在不同的猎物类型之间分配注意力。对于不同的猎物类型的显着性，但相同的能量含量，处理时间，和密度，觅食者应该给予更多的注意，更显眼的猎物，如果所有的猎物类型的显着性值相对较小。然而，当所有的猎物都更显眼时，觅食者应该把更多的注意力放在不太显眼的猎物类型上。我们认为，我们的模型可以用来解释和预测一些觅食的决定，动物寻找神秘或显眼的猎物，特别是研究“搜索图像”的形成。
We present a model to examine how foragers should divide attention among different potential prey types in order to maximize their net rate of energy intake. We define attention as the brain's capacity to process information simultaneously. Our model is based on neuropsychological studies suggesting first, that predators who divide attention among an increasing number of different prey types decrease their ability to detect any given type, and second, that this decrease is larger when prey items are more difficult to detect. Our model also incorporates the effects of search rate on foragers' probability to detect prey. The model predicts that foragers encountering cryptic prey should devote all attention to a single prey type. When encountering conspicuous prey, foragers should divide attention among the different prey types. For prey types that differ in conspicuousness but are equal in energy content, handling time, and density, foragers should give more attention to the more conspicuous prey if the conspicuousness values of all prey types are relatively small. However, when all prey are more conspicuous, foragers should devote more attention to the less conspicuous prey type. We suggest that our model may serve to explain and predict some of the foraging decisions of animals searching for cryptic or conspicuous prey, and especially studies on ''search image'' formation.