Love thy neighbour? Associations of social capital and crime with physical activity amongst women
Love thy neighbour? Associations of social capital and crime with physical activity amongst women
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.041
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Crawford, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ball, Kylie;Cleland, Verity J.;Crawford, David A.
这项研究采用多水平研究设计，考察了个人和社区的社会特征与女性体育活动之间的关系。从墨尔本(澳大利亚)45个社会经济地位不同的社区招募的妇女(n=1405)提供了关于社会因素和休闲时间的数据：体力活动：步行：和在自己的社区散步。个人层面的社会因素是已知的邻居数量和社会参与度。社区层面的社会特征(人际信任、互惠规范、社会凝聚力)是通过汇总社区内这些结构的调查数据得出的。关于邻里犯罪的客观数据是从维多利亚警方那里获得的。在双变量回归模型中，个人和邻居层面的所有社会变量都与自己所在社区的体育活动、步行和步行的几率呈正相关。在多变量模型中，与个人社会参与(与所有三个体力活动变量相关)和邻里人际信任(仅与整体体力活动相关)的关联仍然显著。邻里侵害人身罪和不文明行为都与任何形式的身体活动无关。这些结果表明，参加当地团体或活动的女性，以及不太一致地生活在居民相互信任的社区的女性，更有可能参与休闲时间的体育活动。虽然纠正助长邻里不平等的宏观社会和经济政策仍然是一个优先事项，但旨在促进体育活动的公共卫生倡议可考虑侧重于促进针对个人和社区的社会互动。需要进一步研究这些关联背后的因果机制。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Using a multilevel study design, this study examined the associations between social characteristics of individuals and neighbourhoods and physical activity among women. Women (n = 1405) recruited from 45 Melbourne (Australia) neighbourhoods of varying socioeconomic disadvantage provided data on social factors and leisure-time: physical activity: walking: and walking in one's own neighbourhood. Individual level social factors were number of neighbours known and social participation. Neighbourhood-level social characteristics (interpersonal trust, norms of reciprocity, social cohesion) were derived by aggregating survey data on these constructs within neighbourhoods. Objective data on crimes within neighbourhoods were obtained from Victoria Police. In bivariable regression models, all social variables at both the individual and neighbourhood level were positively associated with odds of physical activity, walking, and walking in one's own neighbourhood. Associations with individual social participation (associated with all three physical activity variables) and neighbourhood interpersonal trust (associated with overall physical activity only) remained significant in multivariable models. Neither neighbourhood crime against the person nor incivilities were associated with any form of physical activity. These results demonstrate that women who participated in local groups or events and, less consistently, women living in neighbourhoods where residents trusted one another, were more likely to participate in leisure-time physical activity. While redressing macro-level social and economic policies that contribute to neighbourhood inequalities remains a priority, public health initiatives aimed at promoting physical activity could consider focusing on fostering social interactions targeting both individuals and communities. Further investigation of causal mechanisms underlying these associations is required. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.