The Double Function of Rankings. Consecration and Dispositif in Transnational Academic Fields
The Double Function of Rankings. Consecration and Dispositif in Transnational Academic Fields
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排名的双重功能。
DOI：
10.31235/osf.io/qjkmb
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Christian Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Julian Hamann;Christian Schmidt
在过去的几十年里，排名变得越来越重要。这一点在学术界尤其明显，但不限于此。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一种权力分析的观点，将学术排名视为一种跨国(化)现象。在这样做的过程中，我们做出了两项贡献。首先，我们制定了作为奉献机构的排名的概念性定义。在概述了学术领域最突出的排名类型并讨论了它们可以采取的不同形式后，我们建议排名通过主观化、零和比较、量化、公布和产生一种道教信仰来运作。其次，我们提出排名具有战略双重功能。作为一个特别重要的奉献机构，排名通过偏爱(并受到)特定的学术环境、代理人类型、范式和战略的推动，推动了学术领域和其他领域的权力转移。作为一种配置，排名在不同领域的交叉点上运作，向外行受众开放学术领域，并通过促进国家机构、私营公司、媒体公司和数据提供商中心的新治理模式来推进跨国进程。最后，我们认为，奉献和处置功能依赖于排名实际运作的一些基本原则。
Rankings have grown in importance in the last decades. This is particularly evident in, but not limited to, academia. In this paper, we propose a power analytical take on academic rankings as a transnational(izing) phenomenon. In doing so, we make two contributions. First, we develop a conceptual definition of rankings as consecratory institutions. After providing an overview of the most prominent types of rankings in the academic field and discussing the different forms they can take, we suggest that rankings operate through subjectivation, zero-sum comparisons, quantification, publication and generating a doxical belief. Second, we propose that rankings fulfill a strategic double function. As a particularly momentous consecratory institution, rankings propel power shifts in the academic field and beyond by preferring (and being pushed by) specific academic milieus, types of agents, paradigms, and strategies. As a dispositif, rankings operate at the intersection of different fields, open academic fields up for a lay audience and advance processes of transnationalization by facilitating new modes of governance for hubs of state institutions, private corporations, media corporations, and data providers. Concluding, we argue that the consecration and dispositif functions rely on some basic principles of the practical functioning of rankings.