The Era of the 24-hour Society? : Assessing Changes in Work Timing Using a Japanese Time Use Survey
The Era of the 24-hour Society? : Assessing Changes in Work Timing Using a Japanese Time Use Survey
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24小时社会时代？
DOI：
10.1080/13504851.2011.613740
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
黒田祥子
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagata;S.;黒田祥子
根据日本时间利用调查的数据，我们发现，自20世纪90年代中期以来的10年间，在非正常时间（深夜和清晨）工作的员工比例显著增加。但是，在控制了工作时间的变化后，我们发现，在非正常时间工作的人的比例显著增加的是低收入的非正式员工（兼职、临时工和合同工），而收入相对较高的正式员工的工作时间保持稳定。这些观察结果表明，在日本，正式员工和非正式员工的工作时间有多样化的趋势。一个可能的解释是，正式雇员每个工作日的平均工作时间增加，可能是因为自1990年代以来，每周五天工作制的普及，增加了他们回家时在不寻常时间的服务和商品需求。Oaxaca-Blinder类型的分解表明，正式员工平均工作时间的增加部分解释了非正式员工在异常时期就业率的上升。
Using data from a Japanese time use survey, we show a noteworthy increase in the share of employees working at unusual hours (late night and early morning) over a period of a decade since the mid-1990s. When controlling for changes in hours worked, however, we find that the notable increase in the fraction of people at work at unusual hours was for low-income nonregular employees (part-time, temporary and contract workers) while relatively higher income regular employees' work timing remains stable. These observations imply that there is a trend of diversification of work timing in Japan between regular and nonregular employees. A possible explanation is that the increase in the average hours worked per weekday by regular employees, possibly because of the spread of the 5-day workweek since the 1990s, increased services and goods demand at unusual hours as they returned home. An Oaxaca–Blinder type decomposition suggests that such an increase in the average hours worked by regular employees explains partially the rise in the employment rate of nonregular employees at unusual times.