Progress in Cooling Nanoelectronic Devices to Ultra-Low Temperatures.

Progress in Cooling Nanoelectronic Devices to Ultra-Low Temperatures.
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冷却纳米电子设备的进展到超低温度。

DOI:
10.1007/s10909-020-02472-9
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Haley RP
Haley RP
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jones AT;Scheller CP;Prance JR;Kalyoncu YB;Zumbühl DM;Haley RP

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在这里,我们回顾了将微/纳米电子设备冷却至远低于 10 mK 的最新进展。出于观察新物理效应和提高量子技术、传感器和计量标准性能的可能性,世界各地的许多团体正在努力生产亚毫开尔文的片上电子温度。这一挑战是一项长期存在的挑战,据报道,片上电子温度最低值在 15 年多的时间里一直保持在 4 mK 左右。尽管事实上自二十世纪中叶以来散装材料已经可以达到微开尔文温度。在这篇评论中,我们描述了过去 5 年使用新冷却技术所取得的进展。对超低温电子设备中纳米级物理、材料特性和热流的理解的提高推动了技术的发展,并涉及大学和研究所、物理学家和工程师之间的合作。我们希望这篇评论能够作为对当前技术水平的总结,并为未来的发展提供路线图。我们重点关注在实验中显示出达到亚毫开电子温度潜力的技术。我们特别关注片上消磁制冷。多个研究小组已使用该技术达到 1 mK 左右的温度,目前最低温度低于 0.5 mK。
Here we review recent progress in cooling micro-/nanoelectronic devices significantly below 10 mK. A number of groups worldwide are working to produce sub-millikelvin on-chip electron temperatures, motivated by the possibility of observing new physical effects and improving the performance of quantum technologies, sensors and metrological standards. The challenge is a longstanding one, with the lowest reported on-chip electron temperature having remained around 4 mK for more than 15 years. This is despite the fact that microkelvin temperatures have been accessible in bulk materials since the mid-twentieth century. In this review, we describe progress made in the last 5 years using new cooling techniques. Developments have been driven by improvements in the understanding of nanoscale physics, material properties and heat flow in electronic devices at ultralow temperatures and have involved collaboration between universities and institutes, physicists and engineers. We hope that this review will serve as a summary of the current state of the art and provide a roadmap for future developments. We focus on techniques that have shown, in experiment, the potential to reach sub-millikelvin electron temperatures. In particular, we focus on on-chip demagnetisation refrigeration. Multiple groups have used this technique to reach temperatures around 1 mK, with a current lowest temperature below 0.5 mK.
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