LaserStacker: Fabricating 3D Objects by Laser Cutting and Welding
LaserStacker: Fabricating 3D Objects by Laser Cutting and Welding
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LaserStacker：通过激光切割和焊接制造 3D 物体
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Patrick Baudisch
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作者：
Udayan Umapathi;Hsiang;Stefanie Müller;L. Wall;Anna Seufert;Patrick Baudisch
激光切割机对于快速原型制作非常有用，因为它们速度很快。然而，它们仅产生平面 2D 几何形状。创建非平面对象的一种方法是将对象切成水平切片，然后堆叠和粘合它们。然而，这种方法需要手动组装和胶水凝固时间，违背了使用快速制造工具的目的。我们建议使用我们的 LaserStacker 系统消除组装步骤。关键思想是使用激光切割机不仅可以切割，还可以焊接。用户不是将一张亚克力板放入切割机中，而是将一堆亚克力板放入切割机中。在单个过程中，LaserStacker 将每个单独的层切割成形（穿过其上方的所有层），通过熔化其界面处的材料来焊接层，并修复较高层中不需要的切口。当用户从激光切割机中取出物体时，它就已经组装好了。为了让用户能够有效地对堆叠对象进行建模，我们构建了商业 3D 编辑器 (SketchUp) 的扩展，该扩展提供了用于定义哪些部件应该连接、哪些部件保持松散的工具。当用户点击导出按钮时，LaserStacker 会将 3D 模型转换为激光切割机的切割、焊接和修复指令。我们展示 LaserStacker 如何不仅允许制作静态物体（例如建筑模型），还可以制作具有移动部件和简单机构的物体（例如剪刀、简单的弹球机和带齿轮的机械玩具）。
Laser cutters are useful for rapid prototyping because they are fast. However, they only produce planar 2D geometry. One approach to creating non-planar objects is to cut the object in horizontal slices and to stack and glue them. This approach, however, requires manual effort for the assembly and time for the glue to set, defeating the purpose of using a fast fabrication tool. We propose eliminating the assembly step with our system LaserStacker. The key idea is to use the laser cutter to not only cut but also to weld. Users place not one acrylic sheet, but a stack of acrylic sheets into their cutter. In a single process, LaserStacker cuts each individual layer to shape (through all layers above it), welds layers by melting material at their interface, and heals undesired cuts in higher layers. When users take out the object from the laser cutter, it is already assembled. To allow users to model stacked objects efficiently, we built an extension to a commercial 3D editor (SketchUp) that provides tools for defining which parts should be connected and which remain loose. When users hit the export button, LaserStacker converts the 3D model into cutting, welding, and healing instructions for the laser cutter. We show how LaserStacker does not only allow making static objects, such as architectural models, but also objects with moving parts and simple mechanisms, such as scissors, a simple pinball machine, and a mechanical toy with gears.