Research and innovation processes revisited – networked responsibility in industry
Research and innovation processes revisited – networked responsibility in industry
复制标题
重新审视研究和创新流程——行业网络化责任
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Brem
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Timmermans;Emad Yaghmaei;B. Stahl;A. Brem
目的
本文的目的是探讨不同行为者之间的关系是如何形成的，使工业界能够接受和理想的使用研究和创新（R&I），解决社会挑战。
设计/方法/方式
基于现有的概念，在文献中提出的责任，本文开发了一个理论帐户的“网络的责任”，捕捉相互关联的性质的责任关系。该方法的有用性进行评估，探索两个案例的R&I在行业部署的定性研究方法，涉及采访和文件分析。为此，一家来自德国的跨国公司以及一家来自丹麦的中小型公司参与了这项工作。
结果
这项研究提出了68种责任关系，涉及一系列不同的对象、主体、当局和规范。该理论模式通过描述各种关系中客体、主体和其他方面的重叠，证明足以理清和显示责任的相互关联性。此外，分析还揭示了两个创新公司的R&I过程中已经存在的负责任的研究和创新（RRI）的特征，如预测，远见和利益相关者的参与。并不是理论模型中概述的所有责任方面都可以从每一种责任关系的访谈数据中提取出来，这表明需要进一步研究。
实际影响
该文件是实际相关的，因为它支持在组织和社会层面的政策制定。此外，网络的责任模型提供了一个细粒度的评估责任在R&I实践中映射现有的责任，支持RRI原则转化为日常的组织实践。
社会影响
RRI制定了雄心勃勃的议程，以确保更社会和道德的R&I。要弥合这些理论和政治愿望与日常研究和创新实践之间的差距，还需要做很多工作，特别是在工业等非学术背景下。责任网络模式提供了一种理解和理清责任关系复杂性的方法，似乎提供了一种支持这一努力的有希望的方法。
独创性/价值
本文提供了一个新的理论方法来理解和分析的R&I在工业中的责任分配。它从经验上证明了这一理论立场的可靠性。它实际上很重要，因为它支持组织和社会层面的政策制定。
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how relationships between different actors are being shaped to allow industry to come to acceptable and desirable uses of research and innovation (R&I) that address societal challenges.
Design/methodology/approach
Building on existing notions of responsibility proposed in the literature, the paper develops a theoretical account of “networks of responsibility” which capture the interlinked nature of responsibility relationships. The usefulness of the approach is evaluated by exploring two cases of R&I in industry deploying a qualitative research approach that involves interviewing and document analysis. For this, a multinational company from Germany was involved, as well as a small- and medium-sized company from Denmark.
Findings
The study surfaced 68 responsibility relationships involving a range of different objects, subjects, authorities and norms. By describing overlaps in objects, subjects and other aspects across relationships, the theoretical model proved adequate in untangling and displaying interrelatedness of responsibilities. Furthermore, the analysis surfaced characteristics of responsible research and innovation (RRI) that are already in place in the R&I processes of two innovative companies, such as anticipation, foresight and stakeholder engagement. Not all aspects of responsibility outlined in the theoretical model could be extracted from the interview data for every responsibility relationship, pointing to the need for further research.
Practical implications
The paper is practically relevant because it supports policy development on an organisational, as well as societal level. Moreover, the networks of responsibility model offer a fine-grained assessment of responsibilities in R&I practice by mapping existing responsibilities which supports translating RRI principles into everyday organisational practices.
Social implications
RRI sets an ambitious agenda to ensure a more social and ethical R&I. Much work is still needed to bridge the gap between these theoretical and political aspirations and daily R&I practice, especially in non-academic contexts such as industry. By offering a way to understand and untangle the complexity of responsibility relationships, the networks of responsibility model seem to offer a promising approach that can support this endeavour.
Originality/value
The paper offers a novel theoretical approach to understanding and analysing responsibility allocations in R&I in industry. It demonstrates the reliability of this theoretical position empirically. It is practically important because it supports policy development on an organisational as well as societal level.