A review of recent advances in understanding the meso‐ and microscale properties of the severe Bora wind
A review of recent advances in understanding the meso‐ and microscale properties of the severe Bora wind
复制标题
强波拉风中观和微观尺度特性的最新进展综述
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00369.x
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
D. Belušić
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Grisogono;D. Belušić
吹过亚得里亚海东部海岸的阵风下坡风暴被称为“博拉”。几乎所有大陆的许多其他地方都存在类似的风。相关每小时平均风速超过20 m s -1 ，阵风达到50甚至70 m s -1 ，在沿海山区背风地区很常见（飓风速度）。过去 25 年来，在博拉观测和测量、理解、建模及其更详细的预测方面取得了实质性进展。之前人们普遍认为波拉风是一种下落的风，主要是由热力学驱动的。然而，（严重）波拉主要受山浪破碎影响。对博拉相互作用及其对其他过程的影响的理解也已经发生，尤其是在海气相互作用中，但尚未完成。如果没有机载数据、非线性理论和计算技术的进步，特别是中尺度数值模型，上述的总体进展是不可能实现的。还指出了博拉知识方面的一些差距，例如，从弱到中度到强到重度博拉流的动态转变，其中后者是这里的主要主题，反之亦然。此外，边界层和波浪在波拉演化过程中上风侧的作用以及随之而来的背风侧流动结构还没有得到充分的了解；对于亚得里亚海南部海岸的博拉岛来说尤其如此。这里的重点是亚得里亚海东北海岸更强的波拉流。
A gusty downslope windstorm that blows at the eastern Adriatic coast is called bora. Similar winds exist at many other places on virtually all continents. Related hourly mean wind speeds surpassing 20 m s −1 , with gusts reaching up to 50 or even 70 m s −1 , in the coastal mountain lee areas are common (hurricane speeds). There has been substantial progress in bora observations and measurements, understanding, modelling and its more detailed prediction during the last 25 yr. It was generally thought before that bora was a falling, mostly thermodynamically driven wind; however, (severe) bora is primarily governed by mountain wave breaking. Understandings of bora interactions and influences on other processes have taken place as well, most notably in the air-sea interaction, but are not completed yet. The overall progress mentioned would not be possible without airborne data, non-linear theory and advances in computational techniques, most notably mesoscale numerical models. Some gaps in bora knowledge are also indicated, for example, dynamical transition from weak to moderate to strong to severe bora flows, where the latter are the main subject here, and vice versa. Moreover, the role of the boundary layer and waves on the upwind side of the bora evolution and the consequent lee side flow structures are inadequately understood; this is especially so for bora at the southern Adriatic coast. The focus here is on stronger bora flows at the NE Adriatic coast.