Magnetic resonance imaging in animal models of epilepsy -: Noninvasive detection of structural alterations
Magnetic resonance imaging in animal models of epilepsy -: Noninvasive detection of structural alterations
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01236.x
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Pitkaenen, Asla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groehn, Olli;Pitkaenen, Asla
小动物磁共振成像(MRI)打开了一扇窗，通过它可以无创地观察啮齿类动物随时间推移的脑异常。我们回顾了在大鼠癫痫持续状态引发癫痫发生过程中的MRI研究。这些研究中的大多数使用了定量T2、弥散和/或容积MRI。目的是确定致痫过程中结构损害的分布和严重程度，即癫痫持续状态后不久、癫痫发生期间和自发性癫痫发作出现后。所获得的数据表明，MRI可用于将脑病理的发展与临床表型的演变联系起来。MRI还可以用于根据脑损伤的严重程度和/或分布选择动物进行临床前研究，从而使研究群体更加同质化，例如，用于评估新的抗癫痫或神经保护治疗。重要的是，收集的后续数据强调了异常发展动态的个体间差异，这些异常在提供大脑病理快照的典型组织学分析中可能仍然没有被发现。未来的一个巨大挑战是利用MRI的动物间变异性来开发癫痫或其共病(如记忆障碍)的替代标记物。了解各种MRI技术中潜在变化的分子和细胞机制将有助于更好地理解与癫痫发生和癫痫相关的复杂的进行性病理过程。
Small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has opened a window through which brain abnormalities can be observed over time in rodents noninvasively. We review MRI studies done during epileptogenesis triggered by status epilepticus in rat. Most of these studies have used quantitative T2, diffusion, and/or volumetric MRI. The goal has been to identify the distribution and severity of structural lesions during the epileptogenic process, that is, soon after status epilepticus, during epileptogenesis, and after the appearance of spontaneous seizures. Data obtained demonstrate that MRI can be used to associate the development of brain pathology with the evolution of clinical phenotype. MRI can also be used to select animals to preclinical studies based on the severity and/or distribution of brain damage, thus making the study population more homogeneous, for example, for assessment of novel antiepileptogenic or neuroprotective treatments. Importantly, follow-up data collected emphasize interindividual differences in the dynamics of development of abnormalities that could have remained undetected in a typical histologic analysis providing a snapshot to brain pathology. A great future challenge is to take advantage of interanimal variability in MRI in the development of surrogate markers for epilepsy or its comorbidities such as memory impairment. Understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying changes in various MRI techniques will help to better understand complex progressive pathological processes associated with epileptogenesis and epilepsy.