Erosion of globular cluster systems: the influence of radial anisotropy, central black holes and dynamical friction

Erosion of globular cluster systems: the influence of radial anisotropy, central black holes and dynamical friction
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球状星团系统的侵蚀:径向各向异性、中心黑洞和动力摩擦的影响

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stu562
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Kroupa
Kroupa
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brockamp;Küpper;A. H. W;Baumgardt;Kroupa

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本文介绍了一种适用于研究星系中球状星团动力学和侵蚀过程的Muesli程序,它跟踪单个星团的轨道,并将内部和外部的溶解过程应用于它们。轨道积分是基于自洽场方法结合时间转换的蛙跳计划,使我们能够处理速度依赖的力量,如三轴动力摩擦。在第一个应用程序中,GC系统(GCSs)在椭圆星系的侵蚀进行了研究。观测表明,大质量椭圆星系有丰富的、径向延伸的GC,而一些致密的矮椭圆星系根本不包含GC。对于几个有代表性的例子,跨越完整的质量尺度观察到的椭圆星系,我们量化的径向各向异性,星系密度分布,超大质量黑洞和动力学摩擦的GC侵蚀率的影响。我们发现,GC数密度分布在不到一个哈勃时间的中心变平,自然解释观察到的核心GC分布。侵蚀速率主要取决于星系的质量、半质量半径和径向各向异性。在紧凑的M32类星系中,侵蚀GC的比例接近100%,而在扩展的大质量星系中最低。最后,我们揭示了一个violenttidal-disruption-dominated phase的存在,这对晕星的快速形成非常重要。
We present the adaptablemueslicode for investigating dynamics and erosion processes of globular clusters (GCs) in galaxies.Mueslifollows the orbits of individual clusters and applies internal and external dissolution processes to them. Orbit integration is based on the self-consistent field method in combination with a time-transformed leapfrog scheme, allowing us to handle velocity-dependent forces like triaxial dynamical friction. In a first application, the erosion of GC systems (GCSs) in elliptical galaxies is investigated. Observations show that massive ellipticals have rich, radially extended GCSs, while some compact dwarf ellipticals contain no GCs at all. For several representative examples, spanning the full mass scale of observed elliptical galaxies, we quantify the influence of radial anisotropy, galactic density profiles, supermassive black holes and dynamical friction on the GC erosion rate. We find that GC number density profiles are centrally flattened in less than a Hubble time, naturally explaining observed cored GC distributions. The erosion rate depends primarily on a galaxy's mass, half-mass radius and radial anisotropy. The fraction of eroded GCs is nearly 100 per cent in compact, M32-like galaxies and lowest in extended and massive galaxies. Finally, we uncover the existence of a violenttidal-disruption-dominated phasewhich is important for the rapid build-up of halo stars.
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