Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms
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地磁风暴期间大 dBâdt 的极光驱动因素

DOI:
10.1029/2022sw003121
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Liu, Jiang
Liu, Jiang
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zou, Ying;Dowell, Caleb;Ferdousi, Banafsheh;Lyons, Larry R.;Liu, Jiang

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预测地磁感应电流(GIC)仍然是一个艰巨的挑战,阻碍我们理解的开放性问题包括GIC何时何地变大以及磁层和电离层过程是什么。本文通过确定地磁暴期间地面上大dB闪烁(>100 nT/min,GIC的代理)的极光驱动器来解决这些问题。我们研究极光,因为,虽然目前的系统驱动dB闪烁有时是具有挑战性的重建,伴随的极光是常规测量的高分辨率。对于不同类型的极光,我们已经对驱动机制和时空特征有了深入的了解。利用THEMIS和地球物理研究所磁强计阵列磁强计和THEMIS全天空成像仪的协调观测,我们统计了2015年至2016年风暴期间的大dB闪烁间隔。各种各样的极光驱动程序已被确定,包括极向扩展极光隆起,极光流光,极向边界增强,欧米茄带,脉动极光等的发病,空间变异性和持续时间的大dB/dt的极光很好地解释。例如,向极扩展的极光凸起驱动大dB/dt,其逐渐向极扩展,并且流光的周期性注入驱动发生在周期性爆发中的大dB/dt。通过参考极光的磁层源,可以推断出大dB/dt的磁层源,无论是尾磁场的双极化,突发的整体流动,不稳定性还是波粒相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,极光可以发挥显着的杠杆作用GIC的研究和预测。
Forecasting geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) remains a difficult challenge, and open questions hindering our understanding include when and where GICs become large and what magnetospheric and ionospheric processes are responsible. This paper addresses these questions by determining the auroral drivers of large dB∕dt (>100 nT/min, a proxy for GICs) on the ground during geomagnetic storms. We study auroras because, although the current system driving dB∕dt is at times challenging to reconstruct, the accompanying auroras are routinely measured in high resolution. For various types of auroras, our community has already acquired a deep understanding of the driving mechanisms and spatiotemporal characteristics. Using coordinated observations from THEMIS and Geophysical Institute Magnetometer Array magnetometers and THEMIS all‐sky imagers, we statistically examine large dB∕dt intervals during storms from 2015 to 2016. A variety of auroral drivers have been identified, including poleward expanding auroral bulges, auroral streamers, poleward boundary intensifications, omega bands, pulsating auroras, etc. The onset, spatial variability, and duration of large dB/dt are well explained by those of the auroras. For example, poleward expanding auroral bulges drive large dB/dt that spread progressively poleward, and periodic injections of streamers drive large dB/dt that occur in periodic bursts. By referring to the magnetospheric source of the auroras, the magnetospheric source of large dB/dt can be inferred, whether it be dipolarization of the tail magnetic field, bursty bulk flows, instability, or wave‐particle interaction. Our results suggest that auroras can exert significant leverage on GIC research and forecast.
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