Validation and Application of Models to Predict Facemask Influenza Contamination in Healthcare Settings
Validation and Application of Models to Predict Facemask Influenza Contamination in Healthcare Settings
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DOI：
10.1111/risa.12185
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Shaffer, Ronald E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, Edward M.;Noti, John D.;Shaffer, Ronald E.
口罩是通过提供屏障来减少呼吸道病原体传播的干预措施的一部分。医护人员使用的两种类型的口罩是N95过滤面罩呼吸器（FFR）和外科口罩（SM）。这些在使用过程中可能被呼吸道病原体污染，从而成为潜在的传播源。然而，由于缺乏实地研究，与接触病原体的口罩相关的危害尚不清楚。利用数学模型计算了不同暴露情景下气溶胶源对口罩的潜在流感污染。气溶胶模型进行了验证，从以前的实验室研究中使用面罩安装在人头模型在模拟的医疗室的数据。然后，该模型被用来估计面罩污染水平在三个场景中产生的输入参数从文献中。第二个模型估计口罩污染从咳嗽。经确定，单次咳嗽的污染水平（约19种病毒）远低于气溶胶的可能水平（FFR上有4，473种病毒，SM上有3，476种病毒）。对于气溶胶污染，来自文献的一系列输入值导致估计的面罩污染水平（13- 202，549个病毒）存在很大差异，具体取决于所选的值。总的来说，这些模型和口罩污染水平的估计值可用于通知感染控制实践和研究相关的更好的口罩的发展，表征空气中的污染水平，并协助评估风险的再侵蚀和污染物转移，因为处理和重复使用的口罩。
Facemasks are part of the hierarchy of interventions used to reduce the transmission of respiratory pathogens by providing a barrier. Two types of facemasks used by healthcare workers are N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and surgical masks (SMs). These can become contaminated with respiratory pathogens during use, thus serving as potential sources for transmission. However, because of the lack of field studies, the hazard associated with pathogen-exposed facemasks is unknown. A mathematical model was used to calculate the potential influenza contamination of facemasks from aerosol sources in various exposure scenarios. The aerosol model was validated with data from previous laboratory studies using facemasks mounted on headforms in a simulated healthcare room. The model was then used to estimate facemask contamination levels in three scenarios generated with input parameters from the literature. A second model estimated facemask contamination from a cough. It was determined that contamination levels from a single cough (approximate to 19 viruses) were much less than likely levels from aerosols (4,473 viruses on FFRs and 3,476 viruses on SMs). For aerosol contamination, a range of input values from the literature resulted in wide variation in estimated facemask contamination levels (13-202,549 viruses), depending on the values selected. Overall, these models and estimates for facemask contamination levels can be used to inform infection control practice and research related to the development of better facemasks, to characterize airborne contamination levels, and to assist in assessment of risk from reaerosolization and fomite transfer because of handling and reuse of contaminated facemasks.