The "saw-it-all-along" effect: Demonstrations of visual hindsight bias
The "saw-it-all-along" effect: Demonstrations of visual hindsight bias
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.30.5.960
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Loftus, GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harley, EM;Carlsen, KA;Loftus, GR
作者讨论了后见之明偏见是否存在于视觉感知任务中。在3个实验中，参与者在完全清晰地辨认名人面孔时识别出了降级的面孔（阶段1）。在第一阶段之后，参与者要么回忆第一阶段识别时出现的模糊程度，要么预测同伴能够准确识别的模糊程度。在所有实验中，参与者都高估了天真观察者的识别表现。视觉上的后见之明偏差对于更熟悉的面孔更大——那些在实验的两个阶段都出现过的面孔——并且并没有根据参与者避免偏差的指示而减少。作者提出了一个流利错误归因理论来解释这种偏见，并讨论了对医疗事故诉讼和目击者证词的影响。
The authors address whether a hindsight bias exists for visual perception tasks. In 3 experiments, participants identified degraded celebrity faces as they resolved to full clarity (Phase 1). Following Phase 1, participants either recalled the level of blur present at the time of Phase 1 identification or predicted the level of blur at which a peer would make an accurate identification. In all experiments, participants overestimated identification performance of naive observers. Visual hindsight bias was greater for more familiar faces-those shown in both phases of the experiment-and was not reduced following instructions to participants to avoid the bias. The authors propose a fluency-misattribution theory to account for the bias and discuss implications for medical malpractice litigation and eyewitness testimony.