Identifying Wetland Consolidation Using Remote Sensing in the North Dakota Prairie Pothole Region
Identifying Wetland Consolidation Using Remote Sensing in the North Dakota Prairie Pothole Region
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DOI：
10.1029/2018wr023338
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
C. Krapu;Mukesh Kumar;M. Borsuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Krapu;Mukesh Kumar;M. Borsuk
大平原湿地的人工排水与径流、侵蚀的增加以及小的季节性湿地的固结成更大、更永久的水体有关。我们分析了整个北达科他州草原坑洼地区超过120万个水体的水文变化，使用根据现有的Landsat提取的有水/无水数据计算的景观尺度形状指数中的总水域面积与总周长的比率。这一比率表明，在多年降雨量高于平均水平的较长时期后，1999年(±1年)前后湿地出现了明显的变化，使湿地得到更多的巩固。我们使用水文模拟和来自整个地区的强迫数据来表明，这种变化不太可能仅仅是由于降水和蒸散的自然变化。利用县级回归，我们发现，形状指数衡量的湿地巩固与1984-2014年间农业从小麦转向玉米和大豆的转移高度相关(R2>；0.4)，尽管我们没有发现报告的排水与湿地巩固之间存在强烈相关性的证据。这些结果突出了一种潜在的滞后相互作用，涉及水文强迫的年际变化和人为景观变化对北达科他州草原坑洞湿地巩固的影响。
Artificial drainage of wetlands in the Great Plains has been linked to increased runoff, erosion, and the consolidation of small, seasonal wetlands into larger, more permanent bodies of water. We analyzed hydrologic changes to over 1.2 million water bodies across the entire North Dakota portion of the Prairie Pothole Region using the ratio of aggregate water area and total perimetric length in a landscape‐scale shape index calculated from existing Landsat derived data of water presence/absence. This ratio showed a clear change point toward more consolidation of wetlands around the period 1999 (±1 year) after an extended multiyear period of above‐average rainfall. We used hydrologic simulations with forcing data from across the region to show that this shift is unlikely to be due solely to natural variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration. Using county‐level regressions, we found that wetland consolidation as measured by the shape index was highly correlated with agricultural transitions out of wheat and into corn and soybeans over the period 1984–2014 (R2 > 0.4), though we do not find evidence of a strong correlation between reported drainage and wetland consolidation. These results highlight a potential hysteretic interaction involving interannual variations in hydrologic forcing and anthropogenic landscape alterations on wetland consolidation in the North Dakota prairie potholes.