The Geography of Deterrence: Exploring the Small Area Effects of Sobriety Checkpoints on Alcohol-Impaired Collision Rates Within a City
The Geography of Deterrence: Exploring the Small Area Effects of Sobriety Checkpoints on Alcohol-Impaired Collision Rates Within a City
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DOI：
10.1177/0193841x11405139
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Newby, William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nunn, Samuel;Newby, William
本文使用事前/事后检查、事前/事后非等价比较组分析和中断时间序列方法，对印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯的九个清醒检查站实施22个检查点前后的酒精受损碰撞指标进行了研究。交通安全官员使用地理信息系统(GIS)分析来帮助选择与高酒精相关的碰撞集群中的检查站位置，然后分析可能的检查站影响。一项事后分析检查了每个检查站周围2英里半径区域内检查站日期前后的受损碰撞计数和比率，并将前后差异与两个没有检查站的类似时间匹配的控制区进行了比较。作为一个整体，检查点区域在碰撞前到碰撞后的计数显示出显著的下降，尽管下降幅度很小，但损伤率没有变化。综合考虑，非市中心检查站区域比对照区域具有更有利的损伤率。在控制了冲突量、月趋势和位置影响后，中断的时间序列分析发现，对于所有检查点，检查点后期间的受损冲突计数比检查点前的计数少约19%。
This article examines alcohol-impaired collision metrics around nine sobriety checkpoint locations in Indianapolis, Indiana, before and after implementation of 22 checkpoints, using a pre/post examination, a pre/post nonequivalent comparison group analysis, and an interrupted time series approach. Traffic safety officials used geographical information system (GIS) analysis to help select checkpoint locations amid high alcohol-related collision clusters, then analyzed possible checkpoint impacts. A post hoc analysis examined counts and rates of impaired collisions before and after checkpoint dates within the 2-mile radius zones around each checkpoint site and compared pre-to-post differences to two similar time-matched control areas without checkpoints. As a group, checkpoint zones showed significant though minor declines in pre-to-post collision counts, and no impairment rate change. Considered together, non-downtown checkpoint zones had more favorable impairment rates than comparison areas. After controlling for collision volume, monthly trend, and locational effects, the interrupted time series analysis found that for all checkpoints the count of impaired collisions in post-checkpoint periods was about 19% less than pre-checkpoint counts.