NGOs, Disaster Relief and Asset Transfer in the Horn: Political Survival in a Permanent Emergency
NGOs, Disaster Relief and Asset Transfer in the Horn: Political Survival in a Permanent Emergency
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非政府组织、非洲之角的救灾和资产转移：永久紧急状态下的政治生存
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Duffield
中科院分区：
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作者：
M. Duffield
饥荒有赢家和输家。传统的分析集中在失败者身上，而忽略了饥荒可能是政治强者为了追求利益或优势而有意识地行使权力造成的。本文试图分析永久紧急状态下的政治生存过程。通过当地资产转移的例子，并说明这一进程如何与更广泛的区域平行经济相结合，本文提供了一个分析的政治生存的危机弧，从苏丹通过埃塞俄比亚南部到索马里。捐助者和非政府组织的作用是从它们如何与资产转让经济中的弱者和强者相联系的角度来考察的。捐助者被视为支持强者，而非政府组织的立场则更为矛盾。虽然制定了保护资产的方案措施，并强调了主权规则与保护人权之间的脱节，但这些措施基本上失败了。对冷战结束以来的趋势进行的审查表明，防止该区域内转移经济进一步巩固的可能性微乎其微。那些从这种破坏性的战争中获益的人的立场，使他们无法在长期紧急状态的背景下维持政治生存的进程。通过当地资产转移的例子，并说明这一进程如何与更广泛的区域平行经济相结合，本文提供了一个分析的政治生存的危机弧，从苏丹通过埃塞俄比亚南部到索马里。捐助者和非政府组织的作用是从它们如何与资产转让经济中的弱者和强者相联系的角度来考察的。捐助者被视为支持强者，而非政府组织的立场则更为矛盾。虽然制定了保护资产的方案措施，并强调了主权规则与保护人权之间的脱节，但这些措施基本上失败了。对冷战结束以来的趋势进行的审查表明，防止该区域内转移经济进一步巩固的可能性微乎其微。那些从这种破坏性进程中获益的人的地位似乎得到了保证。
Famines have winners and losers. Conventional analysis has concentrated on the losers: what has been neglected is that famines can result from the conscious exercise of power in pursuit of gain or advantage by the politically strong. This article is an attempt to analyse the process of political survival in the context of permanent emergency. Through examples of local asset transfer, and indicating how this process articulates with a wider regional parallel economy, the paper offers an analysis of political survival in the arc of crisis that runs from Sudan through southern Ethiopia to Somalia. The role of donors and NGOs is examined in terms of how they relate to the weak and the strong within the asset transfer economy. Donors are seen to have supported the strong whilst the position of NGOs is more contradictory. Although programme measures to protect assets have been developed, and the disjuncture between the rules of sovereignty and the protection of human rights has been highlighted, these measures have essentially failed. A review of trends since the end of the Cold War suggests that the chances of preventing the further consolidation of a transfer economy within the region are negligible. The position of those who gain from such a destructive se the process of political survival in the context of permanent emergency. Through examples of local asset transfer, and indicating how this process articulates with a wider regional parallel economy, the paper offers an analysis of political survival in the arc of crisis that runs from Sudan through southern Ethiopia to Somalia. The role of donors and NGOs is examined in terms of how they relate to the weak and the strong within the asset transfer economy. Donors are seen to have supported the strong whilst the position of NGOs is more contradictory. Although programme measures to protect assets have been developed, and the disjuncture between the rules of sovereignty and the protection of human rights has been highlighted, these measures have essentially failed. A review of trends since the end of the Cold War suggests that the chances of preventing the further consolidation of a transfer economy within the region are negligible. The position of those who gain from such a destructive process seems assured.