International vision requirements for driver licensing and disability pensions: using a milestone approach in characterization of progressive eye disease
International vision requirements for driver licensing and disability pensions: using a milestone approach in characterization of progressive eye disease
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DOI：
10.2147/opth.s15359
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Buchholz, Patricia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bron, Alain M.;Viswanathan, Ananth C.;Buchholz, Patricia
目的：低视力导致吊销驾照和领取残疾养恤金，可导致负面的社会心理和经济后果。本研究的目的是检讨持有驾驶执照的要求和因视力低下而获得残疾养恤金的规则。结果强调了使用里程碑方法描述进行性眼病的可能性。方法：对德国、西班牙、意大利、法国、英国和美国的政府和研究报告、网站和期刊文章进行评估，以审查法规和要求。结果：视力限制存在于所有驾驶执照的规定。在大多数国家，视力限制是0.5。视野限制包括在一些驾驶执照规定中。在欧洲，双眼视野要求通常遵循欧盟标准> 120度。在美国，视野要求通常在110度到140度之间。一些国家在法定失明的定义中区分了部分视力和失明，而在其他国家只有一种限制。结论：丧失驾驶特权可作为监测进展性眼病的一个里程碑。没收可标准化为最佳矫正视力0.5或视野< 120度，这在大多数国家是一致的。然而，领取残疾养恤金的要求变化太大，无法将其作为进行性眼病的里程碑进行标准化。执行世界卫生组织关于低视力和失明的标准将有助于在各国之间建立更好的可比性。
Objective: Low vision that causes forfeiture of driver's licenses and collection of disability pension benefits can lead to negative psychosocial and economic consequences. The purpose of this study was to review the requirements for holding a driver's license and rules for obtaining a disability pension due to low vision. Results highlight the possibility of using a milestone approach to describe progressive eye disease.Methods: Government and research reports, websites, and journal articles were evaluated to review rules and requirements in Germany, Spain, Italy, France, the UK, and the US.Results: Visual acuity limits are present in all driver's license regulations. In most countries, the visual acuity limit is 0.5. Visual field limits are included in some driver's license regulations. In Europe, binocular visual field requirements typically follow the European Union standard of > 120 degrees. In the US, the visual field requirements are typically between 110 degrees and 140 degrees. Some countries distinguish between being partially sighted and blind in the definition of legal blindness, and in others there is only one limit.Conclusions: Loss of driving privileges could be used as a milestone to monitor progressive eye disease. Forfeiture could be standardized as a best-corrected visual acuity of,0.5 or visual field of < 120 degrees, which is consistent in most countries. However, requirements to receive disability pensions were too variable to standardize as milestones in progressive eye disease. Implementation of the World Health Organization criteria for low vision and blindness would help to establish better comparability between countries.