Qualitative Research Methods for Evaluating Computer Information Systems
Qualitative Research Methods for Evaluating Computer Information Systems
复制标题
评估计算机信息系统的定性研究方法
DOI：
10.1007/0-387-30329-4_2
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Maxwell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Kaplan;J. Maxwell
定性研究方法越来越多地用于评价研究，包括计算机系统和信息技术的评价。本章概述了定性方法的性质和适当使用，以及进行定性研究的关键考虑因素。定性研究的目标是通过调查人们在这些情况下的观点和行为以及他们行动的背景来理解问题或特定情况。为了实现这一目标，定性研究在自然环境中进行，并使用文字而不是数字形式的数据。定性数据主要从观察、访谈和文件中收集，并通过各种系统技术进行分析。这种方法有助于理解因果过程，并有助于根据研究结果采取行动。定性方法主要是归纳法。在研究过程中提出假设，以便考虑到对环境和环境中的人的了解。在进行研究时，定性方法可以与定量方法相结合。有效性威胁主要在数据收集和分析过程中解决。本章讨论了这些点，并使用临床实验室信息系统的评价来说明它们。计算机信息系统可以显著改善病人护理、医院管理和行政、研究以及健康和医学教育。然而，许多系统没有实现这些目标。道林估计，45%的基于计算机的医疗信息系统由于用户抵制而失败，即使这些系统在技术上是健全的。因此，开发、实施和评估此类系统的风险很高[1]。
Qualitative research methods are being used increasingly in evaluation studies, including evaluations of computer systems and information technology. This chapter provides an overview of the nature and appropriate uses of qualitative methods and of key considerations in conducting qualitative research.The goal of qualitative research is understanding issues or particular situations by investigating the perspectives and behavior of the people in these situations and the context within which they act. To accomplish this, qualitative research is conducted in natural settings and uses data in the form of words rather than numbers. Qualitative data are gathered primarily from observations, interviews, and documents, and are analyzed by a variety of systematic techniques. This approach is useful in understanding causal processes, and in facilitating action based on the research results. Qualitative methods are primarily inductive. Hypotheses are developed during the study so as to take into account what is being learned about the setting and the people in it. Qualitative methods may be combined with quantitative methods in conducting a study. Validity threats are addressed primarily during data collection and analysis. The chapter discusses these points and uses an evaluation of a clinical laboratory information system to illustrate them. Computer information systems can significantly improve patient care, hospital management and administration, research, and health and medical education. However, many systems do not achieve these goals. Dowling estimated that 45% of computer-based medical information systems failed due to user resistance, even though these systems were sound technologically. Thus, the stakes in developing, implementing, and evaluating such systems are high [1].