Localized migration and dispersal by the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
Localized migration and dispersal by the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00328734
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发表时间：
1996-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Palumbo, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Byrne, DN;Rathman, RJ;Palumbo, JC
实验室种群的甘薯粉虱，烟粉虱，已被证明是由迁移和平凡的飞行变种。这些形式的行为作为短程迁移过程的一部分，在现场条件下进行了检查。在连续两个生长季节期间，使用荧光粉在瓜的田地中标记昆虫。在第一个生长季节，用于收集活体粉虱的被动陷阱被沿着16个等间距的横断面放置，从田地辐射至1.0公里的距离。东北风一直携带迁移粉虱的陷阱放置在西南象限的沿着样带，因为冷空气排水决定在清晨在沙漠西南风的方向。因此，在第二个季节，陷阱被放置在休耕地在一个矩形网格延伸2.7公里的西南标记领域。如果扩散完全是被动的，则可以使用扩散模型来描述模式。然而，对数据的统计检查表明，所有日期的分布都是不均匀的。地统计技术被用来描述所观察到的斑块。在标记区域附近的陷阱捕获的粉虱数量超过了每日中位数。从网格外围附近也收集了大量数据。在网格的中心，粉虱远没有那么普遍。因此，捕获的粉虱的分布可以被描述为双峰。这些模式证实了在实验室中观察到的行为，即，种群的一部分是不参与迁移的普通飞行者，因此被捕获在田野附近的陷阱中，而一部分最初对与天空相关的提示做出反应，忽略地面提供的提示，并在降落在远处的陷阱中之前飞行一段时间。在这两年中，14天中有13天的野外运动有一个夸大的方向分量。
Laboratory populations of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, have been shown to consist of both migratory and trivial flying morphs. The behavior of these forms as part of the process of short-range migration was examined under field conditions. Insects were marked in a field of melons using fluorescent dust during two consecutive growing seasons. During the first growing season, passive traps used to collect living whiteflies, were placed along 16 equally spaced transects radiating from the field to a distance of up to 1.0 km. Wind out of the north-east consistently carried migrating whiteflies to traps placed along transects in the southwestern quadrant because cold air drainages dictate wind direction during early morning hours in the desert Southwest. For this reason, during the second season traps were laid out over fallow ground in a rectangular grid extending 2.7 km to the south-west of the marked field. If dispersal was entirely passive, patterns could be described using a diffusion model. Statistical examination of the data, however, demonstrated that the distribution on all days was patchy. Geostatistical techniques were used to describe the observed patchiness. Traps in the immediate vicinity of the marked field caught more whiteflies than the daily median. Large numbers were also collected from near the periphery of the grid. Whiteflies were far less prevalent in the grid's center. As a result, the distribution of captured whiteflies can be described as bimodal. These patterns confirm behavior observed in the laboratory, i.e., a portion of the population are trivial fliers that do not engage in migration and are consequently captured in traps near the field, and a portion initially respond to cues associated with skylight, ignoring cues provided by the ground, and fly for a period of time before landing in distant traps. During both years movement out of the field had an exaggerated directional component on 13 of 14 days.