Cytoplasmic RNA Granules and Viral Infection.
Cytoplasmic RNA Granules and Viral Infection.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085505
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发表时间：
2014-11
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Lloyd RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsai WC;Lloyd RE
RNA颗粒是正常基因表达和体内平衡所必需的动态细胞结构。细胞质RNA颗粒的两种主要类型是应激颗粒（SG）和加工体（P-体，PB），应激颗粒（SG）含有停滞的翻译起始复合物，加工体（P-体，PB）浓缩参与mRNA降解的因子。RNA颗粒与转录物的基因沉默相关，因此，病毒抑制RNA颗粒功能以促进复制。这篇综述讨论了病毒与细胞质RNA颗粒相互作用的广度，重点是调节RNA颗粒功能和促进病毒复制的机制。目前，病毒操纵RNA颗粒的机制可以大致分为三个非排他性的类别：i）切割关键的RNA颗粒因子，ii）调节PKR活化和iii）将RNA颗粒因子用于病毒复制中的新作用。RNA颗粒的病毒抑制通过抑制它们的基因沉默功能并抵消它们在将应激感测与先天免疫激活相联系中的作用来支持生产性感染。
RNA granules are dynamic cellular structures essential for proper gene expression and homeostasis. The two principle types of cytoplasmic RNA granules are stress granules (SGs), which contain stalled translation initiation complexes, and processing bodies (P-bodies, PBs), which concentrate factors involved in mRNA degradation. RNA granules are associated with gene silencing of transcripts, thus, viruses repress RNA granule functions to favor replication. This review discusses the breadth of viral interactions with cytoplasmic RNA granules, focusing on mechanisms that modulate the functions of RNA granules and that typically promote viral replication. Currently mechanisms for virus manipulation of RNA granules can be loosely grouped into three non-exclusive categories; i) cleavage of key RNA granule factors, ii) regulation of PKR activation and iii) co-opting RNA granule factors for new roles in viral replication. Viral repression of RNA granules supports productive infection by inhibiting their gene silencing functions and counteracting their role in linking stress sensing with innate immune activation.