The transgenerational transmission of childhood adversity: behavioral, cellular, and epigenetic correlates
The transgenerational transmission of childhood adversity: behavioral, cellular, and epigenetic correlates
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DOI：
10.1007/s00702-016-1570-1
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bock, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groeger, Nicole;Matas, Emmanuel;Bock, Joerg
认为大脑的功能成熟是环境驱动的遗传预编程神经元网络适应的结果，是发育神经科学和心理学中的一个重要概念。这一假说提出，早期创伤经历或早期生活压力（ELS）作为一种负面的环境经历，为功能障碍的大脑回路的发展提供了一个主要的风险因素，并因此导致在以后的生活中出现行为功能障碍和精神障碍。越来越多的临床和实验动物研究支持这一观点，这些研究表明，早期生活创伤可以在大脑中诱导功能性“疤痕”，特别是在大脑回路中，这对情绪控制，学习和记忆功能至关重要。这种基因与环境的相互作用受到特定的表观遗传机制的调节，这些机制被认为是跨代表观遗传的关键因素。事实上，越来越多的证据表明，环境驱动的神经元和行为适应的代际和跨代周期由表观遗传机制介导。最后，最近的概念假设，依赖于ELS暴露的类型，时间点和持续时间，相关的大脑通路也可能发生积极的功能适应，从而在以后的生活中更好地应对压力和应对逆境的弹性。
The view that the functional maturation of the brain is the result of an environmentally driven adaptation of genetically preprogrammed neuronal networks is an important current concept in developmental neuroscience and psychology. This hypothesis proposes that early traumatic experiences or early life stress (ELS) as a negative environmental experience provide a major risk factor for the development of dysfunctional brain circuits and as a consequence for the emergence of behavioral dysfunctions and mental disorders in later life periods. This view is supported by an increasing number of clinical as well as experimental animal studies revealing that early life traumas can induce functional 'scars' in the brain, especially in brain circuits, which are essential for emotional control, learning, and memory functions. Such gene x environment interactions are modulated by specific epigenetic mechanisms, which are suggested to be the key factors of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Indeed, there is increasing evidence for inter- and transgenerational cycles of environmentally driven neuronal and behavioral adaptations mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, recent concepts postulate that, dependent on type, time point, and duration of ELS exposure, also positive functional adaptations may occur in the relevant brain pathways, leading to better stress coping and resilience against adversities later in life.