Concentrations and emission factors for PM2.5 and PM10 from road traffic in Sweden
Concentrations and emission factors for PM2.5 and PM10 from road traffic in Sweden
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.037
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Sjoberg, Karin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferm, Martin;Sjoberg, Karin
在瑞典的一些城市，PM10浓度超过了标准，未来限值可能会进一步降低。为了获得更多关于道路交通排放因子以及PM10和PM2.5浓度的知识，在两个城市（哥德堡和于默奥）的现有监测站（拥有国际电子道路通道）进行了一些PM2.5测量。以NOx为示踪剂，估算了PM10和PM2.5的排放因子。使用了2006-2010年期间哥德堡和2006-2012年期间Umea的路边和城市背景站点的监测数据。氮氧化物排放量估计交通流量和排放因子计算HBEFA3.1模型。PM2.5是PM10中较细的部分。当道路潮湿时，PM10的较粗部分（PM10-PM2.5）的排放受到抑制，并在春季道路干燥且仍使用防滑轮胎时显示出最大值。由镶钉轮胎引起的路面磨损中，只有不到1%会引起空气中的PM2.5-10颗粒。在所使用的模型中，由于车队的更新，NOx排放因子随着时间的推移而降低。然而，道路产生的NOx浓度没有显示出明显的趋势。空气扩散是控制道路附近PM浓度的重要因素。在冬季和午夜，色散有一个最小值。哥德堡街道PK 10和PM2.5的平均浓度分别为21 +/- 20和8.6 μ g m（-3），比城市背景浓度高36%和22%。尽管Umea的交通流量比哥德堡低四倍，但平均颗粒物浓度非常相似，PM10和PM2.5分别为21 +/- 31和7 +/- 5 μ g m（-3）。然而，这些浓度分别比于默奥的城市背景浓度高出108%和55%。PM10的排放因子随时间的延长而减小，平均为0.06gkm-1车-1。PM2.5的排放因子非常不确定，因为PM2.5浓度在道路上的增量很小，平均为0.02 g km（-1）vehicle（-1）。(C)2015作者由Elsevier Ltd.发布。这是CC BY-NC-ND许可下的开放获取文章。
PM10 concentrations exceed the guidelines in some Swedish cities and the limit values will likely be further reduced in the future. In order to gain more knowledge of emission factors for road traffic and concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, existing monitoring stations in two cities, Gothenburg and Umea, with international E-road thoroughfares, were complemented with some PM2.5 measurements. Emission factors for PM10 and PM2.5 were estimated using NOx as a tracer. Monitoring data from kerbside and urban background sites in Gothenburg during 2006-2010 and in Umea during 2006-2012 were used. NOx emissions were estimated from the traffic flow and emission factors calculated from the HBEFA3.1 model. PM2.5 constitutes the finer part of PM10. Emissions of the coarser part of PM10 (PM10-PM2.5) are suppressed when roads are wet and show a maximum during spring when the roads dry up and studded tyres are still used. Less than 1% of the road wear caused by studded tyres give rise to airborne PM2.5-10 particles. The NOx emission factors decrease with time in the used model, due to the renewal of the vehicle fleet. However, the NOx concentrations resulting from the roads show no clear trend. The air dispersion is an important factor controlling the PM concentration near the road. The dispersion has a minimum in winter and during midnight. The average street level concentrations of PK10 and PM2.5 in Gothenburg were 21 +/- 20 and 8 6 mu g m(-3) respectively, which is 36% and 22% higher than the urban background concentrations. Despite the four times lower traffic flow in Umea compared to Gothenburg, the average particle concentrations were very similar; 21 +/- 31 and 7 +/- 5 mu g m(-3) for PM10 and PM2.5 respectively. These concentrations were, however, 108% and 55% higher than the urban background concentrations in Umea. The emission factors for PM10 decreased with time, and the average factor was 0.06 g km(-1) vehichle(-1). The emission factors for PM2.5 are very uncertain due to the small increments in PM2.5 concentration at the thoroughfares, and were on average 0.02 g km(-1) vehichle(-1). (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.