General and emotion-specific alterations to cognitive control in women with a history of childhood abuse.
General and emotion-specific alterations to cognitive control in women with a history of childhood abuse.
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有童年虐待史的女性认知控制的一般和情绪特异性改变。
DOI：
10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.030
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Banich,MarieT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MackiewiczSeghete,KristenL;Kaiser,RoselindeH;DePrince,AnneP;Banich,MarieT
背景虽然有限，但文献表明，在有儿童期虐待史的成年人和青少年中，认知控制区的激活发生了变化。目前的研究考察了与情绪中立的信息相比，面对情绪分散的信息时，这种变化是否会增加，以及这种变化是否发生在以更自上而下的持续方式或更自下而上的瞬时方式施加认知控制的大脑区域。方法参与者是年轻成年女性(23-30岁)：一组有儿童期身体或性虐待史(N=315)，另一组没有创伤暴露(N=1617)，通过创伤史问卷和根据国家犯罪受害者调查改编的两阶段访谈进行评估。参与者在完成经典颜色词和情绪Stroop范式(威胁和积极词)的混合区块/事件相关版本的同时进行了fMRI扫描。这一范式使我们能够检验认知控制的持续(持续激活)和短暂(事件特异性激活)两个方面。结果有儿童期虐待史的女性在Stroop任务的两个版本的阻塞过程中，涉及认知控制的额顶区域招募减少，腹侧注意监视网络招募增加。此外，他们对参与威胁区块自我参照过程的大脑区域的抑制较少，但对积极区块的这些区域的抑制较大。回避症状的严重程度与额叶外侧区域的持续激活有关，而高度觉醒/再体验症状与颞区的持续活动有关。在短暂控制方面，没有观察到不同的影响。结论结果表明，暴露在童年虐待中与迟钝地招募支持任务集维持的大脑区域有关，但对与任务无关的信息高度警惕，无论分心因素是情绪中立的还是情绪的。面对无关的威胁信息，暴露在童年虐待中的默认模式大脑区域受到的抑制较少，但抑制无关积极信息的类似处理的能力增强。
BackgroundAlthough limited, the literature suggests alterations in activation of cognitive control regions in adults and adolescents with a history of childhood abuse. The current study examined whether such alterations are increased in the face of emotionally-distracting as compared to emotionally neutral information, and whether such alterations occur in brain regions that exert cognitive control in a more top-down sustained manner or a more bottom-up transient manner.MethodsParticipants were young adult women (ages 23–30): one group with a history of childhood physical or sexual abuse (N = 15) and one with no trauma exposure (N = 17), as assessed through the Trauma History Questionnaire and a two-stage interview adapted from the National Crime Victims Survey. Participants underwent fMRI scanning while completing hybrid block/event-related versions of a classic color-word and an emotional Stroop paradigm (threat and positive words). This paradigm allowed us to examine both sustained (activation persisting across blocks) and transient (event-specific activation) aspects of cognitive control.ResultsWomen with a history of childhood abuse demonstrated decreased recruitment of frontal-parietal regions involved in cognitive control and enhanced recruitment of a ventral attention surveillance network during blocks of both versions of the Stroop task. Additionally, they had less suppression of brain regions involved in self-referential processes for threat blocks, but greater suppression of these regions for positive blocks. Severity of avoidance symptoms was associated with sustained activation in lateral prefrontal regions, whereas hyperarousal/re-experiencing symptoms were associated with sustained activity in temporal regions. No differential effects were observed for transient control.ConclusionsResults suggest exposure to childhood abuse is associated with blunted recruitment of brain regions supporting task-set maintenance but hypervigilance for task-irrelevant information, regardless of whether distractors are emotionally neutral or emotional. Exposure to childhood abuse is also associated with less suppression of default mode brain regions associated with self-referential processing in the face of irrelevant threat information, but heightened ability to suppress similar processing for irrelevant positive information.