A Brain-Computer Interface Controlled Auditory Event-Related Potential (P300) Spelling System for Locked-In Patients
A Brain-Computer Interface Controlled Auditory Event-Related Potential (P300) Spelling System for Locked-In Patients
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.04122.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kotchoubey, Boris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kuebler, Andrea;Furdea, Adrian;Kotchoubey, Boris
使用脑机接口（BCI），人类可以在电脑屏幕上选择字母或其他目标，而不需要任何肌肉参与。一种基于视觉事件相关脑电位（ERP）记录的脑接口被广泛研究。然而，一些需要脑机接口进行交流的严重瘫痪患者视力受损或无法控制凝视运动，因此依赖视觉输入的脑机接口不再可行。为了使ERP-BCI可用于这组患者，ERP-BCI适应于听觉刺激。字母表中的字母被分配到5 × 5矩阵中的细胞中。矩阵的每一行用数字1到5编码，每一列用数字6到10编码，这些数字以听觉方式呈现。要选择一个字母，用户必须首先选择包含所需字母的行，然后选择包含所需字母的列。我们对4例神经退行性疾病晚期严重瘫痪患者进行了检查。所有患者的表现均高于随机水平。与视觉系统相比，听觉系统的拼写准确率明显较低。患者报告说，当有听觉系统在场时，他们很难集中精力完成任务。在未来的研究中，听觉ERP-BCI应考虑到严重瘫痪患者的具体特征，如注意力持续时间缩短进行调整。这种调整与更强化的训练相结合将显示听觉ERP-BCI是否可以成为视障患者的一种选择。
Using brain-computer interfaces (BCI) humans can select letters or other targets on a computer screen without any muscular involvement. An intensively investigated kind of BCI is based on the recording of visual event-related brain potentials (ERP). However, some severely paralyzed patients who need a BCI for communication have impaired vision or lack control of gaze movement, thus making a BCI depending on visual input no longer feasible. In an effort to render the ERP-BCI usable for this group of patients, the ERP-BCI was adapted to auditory stimulation. Letters of the alphabet were assigned to cells in a 5 x 5 matrix. Rows of the matrix were coded with numbers I to 5, and columns with numbers 6 to 10, and the numbers were presented auditorily. To select a letter, users had to first select the row and then the column containing the desired letter. Four severely paralyzed patients in the end-stage of a neurodegenerative disease were examined. All patients performed above chance level. Spelling accuracy was significantly lower with the auditory system as compared with a similar visual system. Patients reported difficulties in concentrating on the task when presented with the auditory system. In future studies, the auditory ERP-BCI should be adjusted by taking into consideration specific features of severely paralyzed patients, such as reduced attention span. This adjustment in combination with more intensive training will show whether an auditory ERP-BCI can become an option for visually impaired patients.