A role playing game to address future water management issues in a large irrigated system: Experience from Mali
A role playing game to address future water management issues in a large irrigated system: Experience from Mali
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.003
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Jamin, Jean-Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertzog, Thomas;Poussin, Jean-Christophe;Jamin, Jean-Yves
本文报告了在马里尼日尔灌溉计划办公室（10万公顷）进行的一项实验，在大规模投资者的推动下，灌溉的空前发展大大增加了未来水资源管理的不确定性。应对灌溉系统未来的不确定性是必不可少的，但现有的方法基于情景和决策支持系统主要是专家驱动的，使他们难以理解和使用自己的地方用户，这项研究的目的是设计一个参与性的方法，以帮助地方和国家利益相关者了解他们在以前的研讨会上建立自己的情景可能对水管理的未来后果。一个名为FOWIS（灌溉系统中的水的未来）的角色扮演游戏就是为此目的而设计的。两个群体（决策者和地方行为者）参加了会议，并扮演了家庭农民、大规模投资者或灌溉计划管理者的角色。玩FOWIS提高了玩家对彼此战略以及土地开发问题、作物选择和水资源管理的认识。在地方行动者群体中，实施土地开发战略和选择作物，而不考虑水需求不可避免的增长，导致严重的水危机：总需求超过水供应量75%，许多行动者的充足指数下降到0.5。在决策者群体中，按照最佳方案的规定，运用集体策略限制水需求，从而实现了水资源的公平供应。在本文中，我们展示了游戏如何使参与者理解未来土地开发、作物选择和水资源管理之间的相互依赖关系，并帮助他们设计创新策略，以限制水需求或公平分配水资源。间接地，它也导致他们质疑他们目前的做法，选择和战略，这是不可能的，在目前的公开紧张局势的土地和水的分配，FOWIS实验还提供了有用的信息，为进一步发展非计算机辅助的角色扮演游戏在高度不确定的情况下，这是大多数灌溉系统在发展中国家的情况。在虚拟世界中发生的RPG可以提高利益相关者在真实的世界中采取行动的能力（c）2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
This paper reports on an experiment undertaken in the Office du Niger irrigation scheme (100,000 ha) in Mali, where the unprecedented development of irrigation driven by large scale investors is dramatically increasing uncertainty surrounding future water management. Coping with future uncertainty in irrigated systems is essential but existing approaches based on scenarios and decision support systems are mainly expert-driven, making them difficult for local users to understand and use on their own, The aim of this study was to design a participatory approach to help local and national stakeholders understand the possible future consequences for water management of scenarios they had built themselves in previous workshops. A role playing game called FOWIS (Future of water in irrigated systems) was designed for this purpose. Two groups (decision makers and local actors) took part and played the roles of family farmers, large scale investors, or the manager of the irrigation scheme. Playing FOWIS increased the players' awareness of each others' strategies and of land development issues, crop choices, and water management. In the local actors' group, applying land development strategies and choosing crops while failing to account for the inevitable increase in water demand led to serious water crises: total demand exceeded water availability by 75%, and the indicator of adequacy dropped to 0.5 for many players. In the decision makers' group, applying a collective strategy to limit water demand, as stipulated in their best case scenario, resulted in an equitable water supply.In this paper, we show how the game enabled participants to understand the interdependencies between future land development, crop choices, and water management, and, in addition, helped them design innovative strategies to limit water demand or to allocate water fairly. Indirectly, it also led them to question their current practices, choices and strategies that would have been impossible in the current context of open tensions concerning land and water allocation.The FOWIS experiment also provided useful information for the further development of non-computer-assisted role playing games in highly uncertain contexts, which is the case of most irrigated systems in developing countries. RPGs that take place in a virtual world could increase stakeholders' capacities to take action with respect to real world (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.