Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator
Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator
复制标题
DOI：
10.36227/techrxiv.16619980.v1
复制
发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
J. Baek;Youssef Elasser;K. Radhakrishnan;H. Gan;J. Douglas;H. Krishnamurthy;Xin Li;Shuai Jiang;C. Sullivan;Minjie Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Baek;Youssef Elasser;K. Radhakrishnan;H. Gan;J. Douglas;H. Krishnamurthy;Xin Li;Shuai Jiang;C. Sullivan;Minjie Chen
本文介绍了一种48-1 V合并两级混合开关电容变换器，采用线性可扩展组操作负载点（LEGO-PoL）架构，适用于超高电流微处理器，具有3-D堆叠封装和耦合电感，可实现小型化、快速和垂直功率传输。该架构是高度模块化和可扩展的。开关电容器电路在输入侧串联连接，以将高输入电压分成多个堆叠的电压域。多相降压电路并联连接以将高输出电流分配到多个并联电流路径中。它利用开关电容电路和多相降压电路的优势来实现软充电、均流和电压平衡。多相降压变换器的电感器用作电流源，对开关电容电路进行软充电和软开关，并利用开关电容电路确保多相降压电路之间的电流共享。一个780-A的垂直堆叠CPU电压调节器的峰值效率为91.1%，满载效率为79.2%，在输出电压为1 V，液体冷却的构建和测试。开关电容电路工作在286 kHz，降压电路工作在1 MHz。它在整个780 A电流范围内调节0.8至1.5 V的输出电压。这是48-1 V CPU电压调节器首次实现1 A/mm$^\text{2}$以上的电流密度，并首次实现1000 W/in^3 $的功率密度。
This article presents a 48–1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor converter with a linear extendable group operated point-of-load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for ultrahigh-current microprocessors, featuring 3-D stacked packaging and coupled inductors for miniaturized size, fast speed, and vertical power delivery. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. It leverages the advantages of switched-capacitor circuits and multiphase buck circuits to achieve soft charging, current sharing, and voltage balancing. The inductors of the multiphase buck converters are used as current sources to soft-charge and soft-switch the switched-capacitor circuits, and the switched-capacitor circuits are utilized to ensure current sharing among the multiphase buck circuits. A 780-A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at an output voltage of 1 V with liquid cooling is built and tested. The switched capacitor circuits operate at 286 kHz and the buck circuits operate at 1 MHz. It regulates output voltage between 0.8 and 1.5 V through the entire 780-A current range. This is the first demonstration of a 48–1 V CPU voltage regulator to achieve over 1-A/mm$^\text{2}$ current density and the first to achieve 1000-W/in$^3$ power density.