Tradeoff of semantic relatedness and degree of overlearning: Differential effects on metamemory and on long-term retention
Tradeoff of semantic relatedness and degree of overlearning: Differential effects on metamemory and on long-term retention
复制标题
语义相关性与过度学习程度的权衡： 对元记忆和长期保持的不同影响
DOI：
10.1016/s0001-6918(96)00040-6
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发表时间：
1997-04-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Kirwan, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carroll, M;Nelson, TO;Kirwan, A
我们调查了人们对以下内容的回忆和识别，以及学习判断（JOLs）和认知感觉（FOKs）：（a）学习到两个正确回忆标准的相关单词对（标准学习/相关）与（B）学习到八个正确回忆标准的无关单词对（过度学习/无关）。回忆FOK对未回忆起的目标，和识别进行了测试，无论是（受试者之间的变量）两个或六个星期后学习。在实验1中，受试者的JOL的标准学习/相关项目的幅度大于过度学习/无关项目，他们预测，回忆将是相同的2周的保留间隔后，6周的保留间隔（受试者之间的预测）。然而，相比之下，随后的回忆是更大的2周保留测试比B周保留测试，是更大的过度学习/无关的项目比标准学习/相关的项目;此外，受试者的FOK（和识别性能）的幅度更大的过度学习/无关的项目比标准学习/相关的项目。实验2发现，当这些JOL发生一天后，收购会议的相关性的重要性的超重消失。这些研究结果意味着，元认知监测判断跟踪的信息是不同的JOL比FOKs，与JOL（相对于FOKs）的基础上更多的语义相关性和学习过程中的程度少。此外，受试者的JOL并不特别擅长准确预测他们在获得后几周进行的长期保留测试中的最终回忆水平。
We investigated people's recall and recognition of, and Judgments of Learning (JOLs) and Feelings of Knowing (FOKs) about: (a) pairs of related words that were learned to a criterion of two correct recalls (criterion-learned/related) versus (b) pairs of unrelated words that were learned to a criterion of eight correct recalls (overlearned/unrelated). Recall FOK on unrecalled targets, and recognition were tested at either (between-subjects variable) two or six weeks after learning. In Experiment 1, subjects' JOLs were greater in magnitude for criterion-learned/related items than for overlearned/unrelated items, and they predicted that recall would be the same after a 2-week retention interval as after a 6-week retention interval (between-subjects prediction). In contrast, however, subsequent recall was greater on the 2-week retention test than on the B-week retention test and was greater for the overlearned/unrelated items than for the criterion-learned/related items; also, subjects' FOKs (and recognition performance) were greater in magnitude for the overlearned/unrelated items than for the criterion-learned/related items. Experiment 2 revealed that the overweighting of the importance of relatedness disappears from JOLs when those JOLs occur one day after the acquisition session. These findings imply that the information tracked by metacognitive monitoring judgments is different for JOLs than for FOKs, with the JOLs (relative to FOKs) based more on semantic relatedness and less on the degree of learning during acquisition. Also, subjects' JOLs are not particularly good at accurately forecasting their eventual level of recall on long-term retention tests that occur several weeks after acquisition.