Potential role of micro ribonucleic acids in screening for anal cancer in human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus related malignancies.
Potential role of micro ribonucleic acids in screening for anal cancer in human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus related malignancies.
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DOI：
10.4291/wjgp.v12.i4.59
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发表时间：
2021-07-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rizk N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al Bitar S;Ballouz T;Doughan S;Gali-Muhtasib H;Rizk N
尽管在抗逆转录病毒治疗方面取得了进展，但由于艾滋病毒感染者中与流行的致癌病毒有关的死亡率增加，人体免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病毒）仍然是一个主要的全球公共卫生问题。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是世界范围内男性和女性最常见的性传播病毒疾病。高危或致癌HPV类型与HPV相关恶性肿瘤的发生有关，包括宫颈癌、阴茎癌和肛门癌以及口腔癌。肛门鳞状细胞癌的发病率正在增加PLWH，需要可靠的筛查方法在这一人群中的风险。事实上，目前使用的筛查方法，包括巴氏涂片，是侵入性的，既不敏感也不特异。研究人员对循环和组织微核糖核酸（miRNA）感兴趣，因为这些小的非编码RNA是早期检测和预测癌症的理想生物标志物。多种miRNA在HIV和HPV感染期间被失调，并且它们的失调有助于疾病的发病机制。在这里，我们将审查艾滋病毒和人乳头状瘤病毒合并感染的分子基础，并集中在肛门癌的发病机制和流行病学的PLWH。肛门癌筛查的局限性和需要一个可靠的筛查程序，涉及特定的miRNAs的诊断和治疗价值进行了讨论。
Despite advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health issue owing to the increased mortality rates related to the prevalent oncogenic viruses among people living with HIV (PLWH). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease in both men and women worldwide. High-risk or oncogenic HPV types are associated with the development of HPV-related malignancies, including cervical, penile, and anal cancer, in addition to oral cancers. The incidence of anal squamous cell cancers is increasing among PLWH, necessitating the need for reliable screening methods in this population at risk. In fact, the currently used screening methods, including the Pap smear, are invasive and are neither sensitive nor specific. Investigators are interested in circulatory and tissue micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), as these small non-coding RNAs are ideal biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of cancer. Multiple miRNAs are deregulated during HIV and HPV infection and their deregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of disease. Here, we will review the molecular basis of HIV and HPV co-infections and focus on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of anal cancer in PLWH. The limitations of screening for anal cancer and the need for a reliable screening program that involves specific miRNAs with diagnostic and therapeutic values is also discussed.