A molecular phylogeny of the Australian huntsman spiders (Sparassidae, Deleninae): Implications for taxonomy and social behaviour
A molecular phylogeny of the Australian huntsman spiders (Sparassidae, Deleninae): Implications for taxonomy and social behaviour
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.015
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Rayor, Linda S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agnarsson, Ingi;Rayor, Linda S.
亨茨曼蜘蛛（Sparassidae）是一个世界性分布的多样性群体，但在分类学和遗传学上都知之甚少。它们在澳大利亚特别多样化，其中特有的谱系Deleninae已经多样化，形成近100个物种。一个不寻常的物种，Delena cancerides，被认为是唯一的群体生活的sparassid。与其他所有的亚社会和社会蜘蛛不同，它们是基于捕获网络或生活在丝绸隧道中，D。cancerides是不结网的蜘蛛，它们生活在一个成年雌性和她的后代的大型母系群体中，这些后代来自死树树皮下的多个窝。在这里，我们报告发现了另外两个长期亚社会性稀疏物种，目前在Eodelena中，但在这里正式提出为Delena（新同义词）、Delena（Eodelena）lapidicola和D.（E.）黑螯蟹属我们简要描述了他们的社会人口统计，行为和栖息地的使用。为了了解这些物种之间的进化关系，从而在这个群体中的社会性和其他特征的起源，我们还提供了第一个Deleninae和亲属的分子系统发育。我们采用基于模型的系统发育分析的两个mtDNA和三个nuDNA位点，使用最大似然和贝叶斯方法，包括“经典”的串联方法，以及基于聚结的分析，从基因树的物种树。我们的研究结果支持的假设，delenine亨茨曼蜘蛛是一个单系的澳大利亚辐射，约2300万年前，并指出，目前的10属应合并为6属在4个分支。我们的研究结果是不一致的一些相对较新的变化在Deleninae的分类。这三种已知的群体生活的delenine物种是相关的，可能代表了一个单一的社会性起源与一个单一的逆转到孤独的生活方式。我们的研究结果提供了强有力的支持经典Isopeda，但不是最近分裂的分类群Isopeda，Isopedella和Holconia。另一个适度支持的进化枝内Deleninae团结三个属（Pediana，Beregama，Typostola），而形态多样，所有共享非凡的运动速度。第四个分支是由speciose Neosparassus组成，包含Zachria。总之，我们的研究结果在一个强大的Deleninae，铸造光的社会性在组的起源，并促进这些不寻常的蜘蛛未来的工作。(C)2013年由Elsevier Inc.出版
Huntsman spiders (Sparassidae) are a diverse group with a worldwide distribution, yet are poorly known both taxonomically and phylogenetically. They are particularly diverse in Australia where an endemic lineage, Deleninae, has diversified to form nearly 100 species. One unusual species, Delena cancerides, has been believed to be the sole group-living sparassid. Unlike all of the other subsocial and social spiders which are capture-web based or live in silken tunnels, D. cancerides are non-web building spiders that live in large matrilineal colonies of a single adult female and her offspring from multiple clutches of under the bark of dead trees. Here we report the discovery of two additional prolonged subsocial sparassid species, currently in Eodelena but here formally proposed as a synonomy of Delena (new synonoymy), Delena (Eodelena) lapidicola and D. (E.) melanochelis. We briefly describe their social demographics, behavior, and habitat use. In order to understand the evolutionary relationships among these species, and thus origin of sociality and other traits in this group, we also offer the first molecular phylogeny of Deleninae and relatives. We employ model based phylogenetic analyses on two mtDNA and three nuDNA loci using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, including both 'classical' concatenation approach as well as coalescent-based analysis of species trees from gene trees. Our results support the hypothesis that the delenine huntsman spiders are a monophyletic Australian radiation, approximately 23 million year old, and indicate that the current ten genera should be merged to six genera in four clades. Our findings are inconsistent with some relatively recent changes in the taxonomy of Deleninae. The three known group-living delenine species are related and likely represent a single origin of sociality with a single reversal to solitary life-styles. Our results provide strong support for the classical Isopeda, but not for the recent splitting of that taxon into Isopeda, Isopedella, and Holconia. Another moderately supported clade within Deleninae unites three genera (Pediana, Beregama, Typostola) that, while morphologically diverse, all share extraordinary locomotory speed. A fourth clade is comprised of the speciose Neosparassus, containing Zachria. In sum, our study results in a robust phylogeny of Deleninae, casting light on the origin of sociality in the group, and facilitating future work on these unusual spiders. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.