Patterns of mammal subsistence hunting in eastern Amazon, Brazil
Patterns of mammal subsistence hunting in eastern Amazon, Brazil
复制标题
巴西亚马逊东部的哺乳动物生存狩猎模式
DOI：
10.1002/wsb.873
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
L. Barreto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Geison P Mesquita;J. D. Rodríguez;L. Barreto
在巴西，狩猎影响到许多受威胁的哺乳动物物种。我们描述了巴西亚马逊东部一个农村社区对中型(1.0-14.9 公斤)和大型(15 公斤)哺乳动物物种的自给性狩猎模式。从2012年4月到2013年11月，我们观察了狩猎，并对当地猎人进行了半结构化采访。我们确定了该地区狩猎哺乳动物的种类、捕获频率、每个物种使用的捕获技术、狩猎的产量以及在该地区进行狩猎的原因。然后，我们进行了相关分析和多变量分析，以确定在每个景观中被猎杀的哺乳动物的相似和不同之处。共采集到18种动物(n= 132)，其中包括太平洋楔形虫、水豚、南方裸尾螳螂、九带鹭和六带鳗。被猎杀的濒危物种包括巨型螳螂(Priodontes Max)和白唇袋鼠(Tayassu Pecari)。中型哺乳动物占收获哺乳动物的75.7%，而大型哺乳动物占24.2%，而后者占收获肉质量的55.8%。收获的生物质有一半来自占该地区2.2%的热带雨林。了解某些物种被猎杀的内容、方式、原因和地点，有助于了解当地社区对野生动物种群施加的压力。作为巴西东部亚马逊地区的第一项此类研究，我们的研究为进一步研究狩猎野生动物的效果和可持续性，以及区域一级物种保护的中长期管理计划的保护战略奠定了基础。2018年野生动物协会。
Hunting affects many threatened mammal species in Brazil. We described subsistence hunting patterns for medium‐ (1.0–14.9 kg) and large‐sized (>15 kg) mammal species by a rural community in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. From April 2012 to November 2013, we observed hunts and conducted semistructured interviews with local hunters. We identified species of game mammals in the region, frequency of capture, capture techniques used for each species, yield of the hunt, and reasons that hunting is practiced in the region. We then performed a correlation analysis and multivariate analysis to determine similarities and differences of mammals hunted in each landscape. We recorded 18 species of harvested animals (n= 132) including common paca (Cuniculus paca), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), southern naked‐tailed armadillo (Cabassous unicinctus), nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), and six‐banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus). Endangered species that were hunted included giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) and white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). The medium‐sized mammals comprised 75.7% of harvested mammals, whereas 24.2% were large‐sized mammals; however, the latter group represented 55.8% of the mass of harvested meat. Half of all biomass harvested was from rainforests that made up 2.2% of the region. Knowing what, how, why, and where certain species are hunted increases understanding of pressure local communities exert on wild animal populations. As the first study of its kind in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, our study is a basis for further work in relation to effect and sustainability of hunting wildlife, and conservation strategies for medium‐ and long‐term management programs for species conservation at the regional level. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.