Migration and 'pull factor' traps
Migration and 'pull factor' traps
复制标题
迁移和“拉动因素”陷阱
DOI：
10.1093/migration/mnaa027
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Garelli G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garelli G
这篇文章从事的核心地位，推拉理论在地中海边境死亡的背景下，特别是作为反对刑事定罪的非政府组织（NGO）海上救援任务的辩论的一部分。本文首先阐述了推拉理论重新出现的背景--在成为移民研究历史书籍的一部分超过十年之后--作为捍卫在地中海从事救援任务的非国家行为者的努力的一部分，反对欧洲国家进行的非法化的侵略性运动。然后，我们退一步追溯推拉理论的历史，以及它在过去20年中作为关键移民研究的陪衬的作用。基于这段历史，文章然后转向质疑的认识和政治的结果，带来的证据对非政府组织的作用，吸引移民的因素。文章最后主张在当前的政治背景下，移民和与边境死亡作斗争的行为者越来越多地被定罪，关键知识的作用是变革性的，而不是证据。
This article engages with the centrality that the push–pull theory regained in the context of border deaths in the Mediterranean Sea and particularly as part of the debate against the criminalization of nongovernment organizations (NGOs’) rescue missions at sea. The article opens by illustrating the context in which the push–pull theory re-emerged—after having been part of migration studies’ history books for over a decade—as part of an effort to defend non-state actors engaged in rescue missions in the Mediterranean Sea against an aggressive campaign of illegalilzation conducted by European states. We then take a step back to trace the history of the push–pull theory and its role as a foil for critical migration studies in the past 20 years. Building on this history, the article then turns to interrogating the epistemic and political outcomes that result from bringing evidence against the NGOs’ role as pull factors for migrants. The article closes by advocating for a transformative, rather than evidencing, role of critical knowledge in the current political context where migrants and actors who fight against border deaths are increasingly criminalized.