Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor L. in growing pigs by transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics
Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor L. in growing pigs by transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics
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DOI：
10.1186/s40104-020-0425-7
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发表时间：
2020-03-04
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Ringseis, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meyer, Sandra;Gessner, Denise K.;Ringseis, Robert
背景验证了昆虫粕作为蛋白质源影响生长猪中间代谢的假说。为此，将30头5周龄雄性杂交猪随机分为3组，每组体重相近，每组10头猪，分别饲喂不添加（CON）或添加5%或10%黄粉虫IM （IM5）或IM10的等氮饲粮4周，采用组学技术对关键代谢组织（肝脏、肌肉、血浆）进行分析。结果各组间大部分生产性能参数无显著差异，但IM10组大多数氨基酸的回肠消化率比CON组低6.7 ~ 15.6% （P < 0.05）。肝脏和骨骼肌的转录组学结果显示，IM10和CON之间分别有166和198个转录本差异表达（P < 0.05）。血浆代谢组学显示，IM10组丙氨酸、瓜氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸浓度高于对照组（P < 0.05），天冬酰胺浓度低于对照组（P < 0.05）。IM5和IM10组血浆中14种可量化氨基酸代谢物中只有1种即蛋氨酸亚砜（MetS）较CON分别升高45%和71% （P < 0.05）。两种血药浓度、主要肉碱/酰基肉碱种类和胆汁酸在各组间无显著差异。肝脏和血浆脂质组学显示各组间甘油三酯、胆固醇及主要磷脂、溶血磷脂和鞘脂浓度无差异。除具有6个双键（PC 38:6、PC 40:6、PE 38:6、PE 40:6）的个体磷脂酰胆碱（PC）和磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）在IM10组中的百分比显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）外，其余各组间均无显著差异。与此同时，IM10组肝脏总脂中C22:6n-3的比例低于其他各组（P < 0.05）。结论对关键代谢组织转录组、脂质组和代谢组的综合分析表明，饲粮中IM部分或完全替代常规蛋白质源对生长猪的中间代谢影响较弱。由此可见，黄粉虫IM可作为猪饲粮蛋白质来源，且不会对猪代谢产生不良影响。
Background The hypothesis was tested that insect meal (IM) as protein source influences intermediary metabolism of growing pigs. To test this, 30 male, 5-week-old crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 10 pigs each with similar body weights (BW) and fed isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM (IM5) or 10% IM (IM10) from Tenebrio molitor L. for 4 weeks and key metabolic tissues (liver, muscle, plasma) were analyzed using omics-techniques. Results Most performance parameters did not differ across the groups, whereas ileal digestibilities of most amino acids were 6.7 to 15.6%-units lower in IM10 than in CON (P < 0.05). Transcriptomics of liver and skeletal muscle revealed a total of 166 and 198, respectively, transcripts differentially expressed between IM10 and CON (P < 0.05). Plasma metabolomics revealed higher concentrations of alanine, citrulline, glutamate, proline, serine, tyrosine and valine and a lower concentration of asparagine in IM10 than in CON (P < 0.05). Only one out of fourteen quantifiable amino acid metabolites, namely methionine sulfoxide (MetS), in plasma was elevated by 45% and 71% in IM5 and IM10, respectively, compared to CON (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of both, major carnitine/acylcarnitine species and bile acids were not different across groups. Lipidomics of liver and plasma demonstrated no differences in the concentrations of triacylglycerols, cholesterol and the main phospholipids, lysophospholipids and sphingolipids between groups. The percentages of all individual phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species in the liver showed no differences between groups, except those with 6 double bonds (PC 38:6, PC 40:6, PE 38:6, PE 40:6), which were markedly lower in IM10 than in CON (P < 0.05). In line with this, the percentage of C22:6n-3 in hepatic total lipids was lower in IM10 than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive analyzes of the transcriptome, lipidome and metabolome of key metabolic tissues indicate that partial or complete replacement of a conventional protein source by IM in the diet has only a weak impact on the intermediary metabolism of growing pigs. Thus, it is concluded that IM from Tenebrio molitor L. can be used as a dietary source of protein in pigs without causing adverse effects on metabolism.