A quantitative three-dimensional assessment of abnormal variations in facial soft tissues of adult patients with cleft lip and palate
A quantitative three-dimensional assessment of abnormal variations in facial soft tissues of adult patients with cleft lip and palate
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DOI：
10.1597/1545-1569(2003)040
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Carù, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrario, VF;Sforza, C;Carù, A
目的：提供成人唇腭裂(CLP)患者面部软组织的定量信息。设计、设置和患者：使用电磁数字化仪测量18例高加索唇腭裂患者(男11例，女7例，年龄19~27岁)和162例健康对照(女73例，男89例，年龄18~30岁)面部软组织标志的三维坐标。根据这些地标，计算出了15个面部尺寸和两个角度。通过计算z分数，将数据与健康个体收集的数据进行比较。在患者和参照者中评估了两种用于量化头面部变异的综合人体测量指标：平均z分数(面部整体大小指数)及其SD，称为头面部变异指数(面部和谐指数)。结果：在接受CLP治疗的患者中，面部尺寸略小于正常人，但在所有情况下，平均z分数都落在正常范围内(平均+/-2 SD)。几乎所有患者的头面部变异指数都大于正常间隔，表明整体外观不和谐。结论：成人CLP患者面部软组织结构不同于同年龄、性别和民族的正常对照。在这组患者中，CLP的手术矫正未能提供完全和谐的外观，即使偏离参考标准是有限的。还需要对更大的患者群体进行进一步的分析。
Objective: To supply quantitative information about the facial soft tissues of adult operated patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP).Design, Setting, and Patients: The three-dimensional coordinates of soft tissue facial landmarks were obtained using an electromagnetic digitizer in 18 Caucasian patients with CLP (11 males and 7 females aged 19 to 27 years) and 162 healthy controls (73 females and 89 males aged 18 to 30 years). From the landmarks, 15 facial dimensions and two angles were calculated. Data were compared with those collected in healthy individuals by computing z-scores. Two summary anthropometric measurements for quantifying craniofacial variations were assessed in both the patients and reference subjects: the mean z-score (an index of overall facial size), and its SD, called the craniofacial variability index (an index of facial harmony).Results: In treated patients with CLP, facial size was somewhat smaller than in normal individuals, but in all occasions the mean z-score fell inside the normal interval (mean +/- 2 SD). Almost all patients had a craniofacial variability index larger than the normal interval, indicating a global disharmonious appearance. Overall, in patients pronasale, subnasale, and pogonion were more posterior, the nose was shorter and larger, the face was narrower, and the soft tissue profile and upper lip were flatter than in the reference population.Conclusions: The facial soft tissue structures of adult operated patients with CLP differed from those of normal controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. In this patient group, surgical corrections of CLP failed to provide a completely harmonious appearance, even if the deviations from the reference were limited. Further analyses of larger groups of patients are needed.