The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes
The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes
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DOI：
10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
McGowen, Michael R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demere, Thomas A.;Berta, Annalisa;McGowen, Michael R.
鲸鱼科 (Balaenopteridae + Eschrichtiidae) 是现存须鲸类的一个不同谱系，有七到十个物种分为三个属（Megaptera、Balaenoptera 和 Eschrichtius）。鲸鱼科的现存成员（鲸鱼目和大翅目）的特点是吞食行为，这与许多独特的颅骨、下颌骨和柔软的解剖特征有关。 Eschrichtiidae 采用吸食方式，与拱形的喙和短而粗的鲸须有关。当在系统发育框架中观察时，对鲸鱼化石中的这些和其他特征的识别，为评估该分支的进化历史（包括其起源和多样化）提供了一种方法。最早的鲸须化石包括来自北太平洋盆地早中新世晚期（7-10Ma）的不完整颅骨。我们的初步系统发育结果表明，基础分类单元“Megaptera”miocaena 应该根据其拥有的原始和衍生特征被重新分配到一个新属。中新世晚期（5-7 Ma）鲸鱼记录，除了 Parabalaenoptera baulinensis 和 Balaenoptera siberi 之外，大部分未被描述，并且由来自北太平洋、南太平洋和北大西洋盆地的化石标本组成。上新世记录（2-5 Ma）非常多样化，由来自意大利和比利时的众多已命名但有问题的类群组成，以及来自南北太平洋和北大西洋东部盆地的未命名类群。上新世鲸鱼科动物大部分代表已灭绝的物种和属，并显示出比现在更大程度的形态多样性。更新世的记录非常有限，不幸的是，未能记录导致现代鲸鱼物种多样性的进化细节。然而，很明显，大多数现存物种是在更新世期间进化的。基于形态学和分子的系统发育支持关于鲸鱼总科内部关系的两个相互竞争的假设：（1）鲸鱼科和棘鱼科作为姊妹类群，以及（2）棘鱼科嵌套在并系的鲸鱼科中。在形态学和“总证据”分析中添加化石出租车（包括保存了鲸鱼科和棘鱼科特征镶嵌的上新世新物种），为解决当前有关鲸鱼科可能并系的争议提供了可能。
Balaenopteroids (Balaenopteridae + Eschrichtiidae)are a diverse lineage of living mysticetes, with seven to ten species divided between three genera (Megaptera, Balaenoptera and Eschrichtius). Extant members of the Balaenopteridae (Balaenoptera and Megaptera) are characterized by their engulfment feeding behavior, which is associated with a number of unique cranial, mandibular, and soft anatomical characters. The Eschrichtiidae employ suction feeding, which is associated with arched rostra and short, coarse baleen. The recognition of these and other characters in fossil balaenopteroids, when viewed in a phylogenetic framework, provides a means for assessing the evolutionary history of this clade, including its origin and diversification. The earliest fossil balaenopterids include incomplete crania from the early late Miocene (7-10 Ma) of the North Pacific Ocean Basin. Our preliminary phylogenetic results indicate that the basal taxon, "Megaptera" miocaena should be reassigned to a new genus based on its possession of primitive and derived characters. The late late Miocene (5-7 Ma) balaenopterid record, except for Parabalaenoptera baulinensis and Balaenoptera siberi, is largely undescribed and consists of fossil specimens from the North and South Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean basins. The Pliocene record (2-5 Ma) is very diverse and consists of numerous named, but problematic, taxa from Italy and Belgium, as well as unnamed taxa from the North and South Pacific and eastern North Atlantic Ocean basins. For the most part Pliocene balaenopteroids represent extinct species and genera and reveal a greater degree of morphological diversity than at present. The Pleistocene record is very limited and, unfortunately, fails to document the evolutionary details leading to modern balaenopteroid species diversity. It is evident, however, that most extant species evolved during the Pleistocene. Morphological and molecular based phylogenies support two competing hypotheses concerning relationships within the Balaenopteroidea: (1) balaenopterids and eschrichtiids as sister taxa, and (2) eschrichtiids nested within a paraphyletic Balaenopteridae. The addition of fossil taxi (including a new Pliocene species preserving a mosaic of balaenopterid and eschrichtiid characters) in morphological and "total evidence" analyses, offers the potential to resolve the current controversy concerning the possible paraphyly of Balaenopteridae.