Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing
Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Michael Armbrust;A. Fox;Rean Griffith;A. Joseph;R. Katz;A. Konwinski;Gunho Lee;D. Patterson;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael Armbrust;A. Fox;Rean Griffith;A. Joseph;R. Katz;A. Konwinski;Gunho Lee;D. Patterson;
云计算是一种长期以来的计算梦想作为实用程序，有可能改变IT行业的很大一部分，使软件在服务时更具吸引力，并塑造了IT硬件的设计和购买方式。具有创新想法的新互联网服务的开发人员不再要求硬件中的大型资本支出来部署其服务或人力支出以操作它。他们不必担心过度管理的服务，该服务的受欢迎程度无法满足他们的预测，从而浪费了昂贵的资源，或者为变得非常受欢迎的人的投入不足，因此缺少潜在的客户和收入。此外，具有大型批处理任务的公司可以尽快获得结果，因为使用1000台服务器一小时的成本不超过1000小时的使用费用1000个小时。资源的这种弹性在不支付大规模溢价的情况下是史无前例的。云计算是指通过Internet作为服务提供的两个应用程序，以及提供这些服务的数据中心中的硬件和系统软件。这些服务本身长期以来一直称为软件（SaaS）。数据中心硬件和软件是我们所说的云。当向公众以付费方式提供云时，我们将其称为公共云；出售的服务是实用程序计算。我们使用私有云术语来指代业务或其他组织的内部数据中心，而公众不提供。因此，云计算是SaaS和实用程序计算的总和，但不包括私有云。人们可以是SaaS的用户或提供商，或实用程序计算的用户或提供商。我们专注于SaaS提供商（云用户）和云提供商，这些提供商受到SaaS用户的关注少。从硬件的角度来看，云计算中的三个方面是新的。
Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased. Developers with innovative ideas for new Internet services no longer require the large capital outlays in hardware to deploy their service or the human expense to operate it. They need not be concerned about overprovisioning for a service whose popularity does not meet their predictions, thus wasting costly resources, or underprovisioning for one that becomes wildly popular, thus missing potential customers and revenue. Moreover, companies with large batch-oriented tasks can get results as quickly as their programs can scale, since using 1000 servers for one hour costs no more than using one server for 1000 hours. This elasticity of resources, without paying a premium for large scale, is unprecedented in the history of IT. Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services. The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service (SaaS). The datacenter hardware and software is what we will call a Cloud. When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to the general public, we call it a Public Cloud; the service being sold is Utility Computing. We use the term Private Cloud to refer to internal datacenters of a business or other organization, not made available to the general public. Thus, Cloud Computing is the sum of SaaS and Utility Computing, but does not include Private Clouds. People can be users or providers of SaaS, or users or providers of Utility Computing. We focus on SaaS Providers (Cloud Users) and Cloud Providers, which have received less attention than SaaS Users. From a hardware point of view, three aspects are new in Cloud Computing.