Neolithic agriculture, freshwater resources and rapid environmental changes on the lower Yangtze, China
Neolithic agriculture, freshwater resources and rapid environmental changes on the lower Yangtze, China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yqres.2010.07.014
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发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
J. Qin;David Taylor;P. Atahan;Xinrong Zhang;Guoxuan Wu;J. Dodson;Hongbo Zheng;Freea Itzstein‐Davey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Qin;David Taylor;P. Atahan;Xinrong Zhang;Guoxuan Wu;J. Dodson;Hongbo Zheng;Freea Itzstein‐Davey
从AMS 14C测年的全新世序列中，孢子，花粉，淡水藻类，甲藻孢囊，植硅体和木炭的形式的沉积证据的分析提供了一个很好的机会，以检查在长江下游的新石器时代的农学家对环境变化的反应。长江三角洲南缘附近的两个地点的证据证明了淡水资源对早期粮食生产的至关重要性。更容易的是，如果是间歇性的，在全新世早期到中期，杭嘉湖平原上可用的淡水资源可能鼓励了早期对以水稻为基础的农业的依赖，这反过来又促进了农业剩余的积累和文化的多样化。文化的变化相对减弱，宁绍平原的人口压力可能较低，这似乎是因为当地水文条件变化对环境的影响更为深远，而且主要是盐的条件，与相对海平面上升有关，阻碍了灌溉农业的早期发展。这些证据虽然大部分可以追溯到全新世早期和中期，但及时警告了亚洲大三角洲地区农业易受气候变化引起的过程影响的复杂性，实际上更普遍的是人类活动。
Analyses of sedimentary evidence in the form of spores, pollen, freshwater algae, dinoflagellate cysts, phytoliths and charcoal from AMS 14C-dated, Holocene-aged sequences provide an excellent opportunity to examine the responses of Neolithic agriculturalists in the lower Yangtze to changing environments. Evidence from two sites close to the southern margin of the Yangtze delta and separated by what is now Hangzhou Bay attests the critical importance to early attempts at food production of access to freshwater resources. More readily, if episodically, available freshwater resources during the early to mid-Holocene on the Hangjiahu plain may have encouraged an early reliance on rice-based agriculture, which in turn facilitated the accumulation of agricultural surpluses and cultural diversification. Cultural change was relatively attenuated and human population pressures possibly lower on the Ningshao plain, seemingly because of much more profound environmental impacts of variations in local hydrological conditions, and because predominantly saline conditions, associated with rising relative sea level, hampered the early development of irrigated agriculture. The evidence, although largely dating to the early and middle parts of the Holocene, provides a timely warning of the complexity of vulnerability to climate change-induced processes of agriculture, and indeed human activities more generally, on megadeltas in Asia.