The Benefits and Limits of Urban Tree Planting for Environmental and Human Health
The Benefits and Limits of Urban Tree Planting for Environmental and Human Health
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2021.603757
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Pataki;M. Alberti;M. Cadenasso;A. Felson;M. Mcdonnell;S. Pincetl;R. Pouyat;H. Setälä;T. Whitlow
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作者：
D. Pataki;M. Alberti;M. Cadenasso;A. Felson;M. Mcdonnell;S. Pincetl;R. Pouyat;H. Setälä;T. Whitlow
世界上许多主要城市都根据城市森林的环境和社会效益实施了植树计划。最近的研究越来越多地测试了这些假设，并为植树计划对解决或减轻城市环境和社会问题的贡献及其可行性和局限性提供了经验证据。我们认为，目前的证据支持城市树木对当地居民的局部降温、雨水吸收和健康益处。然而，城市树木在各种地点和环境条件下明显减轻温室气体排放和空气污染的潜力是有限的。因此，城市树木似乎比缓解策略更适合气候和污染适应策略。这在很大程度上是由于空间限制限制了城市树冠相对于当前排放量的范围。城市树木最有希望的环境和健康影响是那些可以通过良好管理的植树和在城市范围内进行本地化设计干预来实现的影响。这些规模的植树已被证明对当地气候和健康有好处，可以通过有针对性的场地设计、随后的监测、适应性管理和长期生态进化动力学研究来最大限度地发挥这些好处。
Many of the world’s major cities have implemented tree planting programs based on assumed environmental and social benefits of urban forests. Recent studies have increasingly tested these assumptions and provide empirical evidence for the contributions of tree planting programs, as well as their feasibility and limits, for solving or mitigating urban environmental and social issues. We propose that current evidence supports local cooling, stormwater absorption, and health benefits of urban trees for local residents. However, the potential for urban trees to appreciably mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution over a wide array of sites and environmental conditions is limited. Consequently, urban trees appear to be more promising for climate and pollution adaptation strategies than mitigation strategies. In large part, this is due to space constraints limiting the extent of urban tree canopies relative to the current magnitude of emissions. The most promising environmental and health impacts of urban trees are those that can be realized with well-stewarded tree planting and localized design interventions at site to municipal scales. Tree planting at these scales has documented benefits on local climate and health, which can be maximized through targeted site design followed by monitoring, adaptive management, and studies of long-term eco-evolutionary dynamics.