Learned fear of "unseen" faces after Pavlovian, observational, and instructed fear
Learned fear of "unseen" faces after Pavlovian, observational, and instructed fear
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00762.x
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Phelps, EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olsson, A;Phelps, EA
本研究比较了通过直接经验（巴甫洛夫条件反射）获得的恐惧学习和通过观察或口头指令获得的恐惧学习。我们研究了这三种类型的学习是否产生了不同的反应条件刺激（CS+），呈现unmasked（可用于外显意识）或掩蔽（不可用于外显意识）。在巴甫洛夫组中，CS+与轻微的电击配对，而观察学习组通过观察接受与CS+配对的电击的同伙的情绪表达来学习。实验组被告知，CS+预示着电击。三组表现出相似的学习水平，通过皮肤电导反应来测量暴露刺激。在以前的研究中，参与者也表现出显着的学习反应，以掩盖刺激巴甫洛夫条件反射。然而，观察学习组也表现出这种效果，而观察学习组没有。
This study compared fear learning acquired through direct experience (Pavlovian conditioning) and fear learning acquired without direct experience via either observation or verbal instruction. We examined whether these three types of learning yielded differential responses to conditioned stimuli (CS+) that were presented unmasked (available to explicit awareness) or masked (not available to explicit awareness). In the Pavlovian group, the CS+ was paired with a mild shock, whereas the observational-learning group learned through observing the emotional expression of a confederate receiving shocks paired with the CS+. The instructed-learning group was told that the CS+ predicted a shock. The three groups demonstrated similar levels of learning as measured by the skin conductance response to unmasked stimuli. As in previous studies, participants also displayed a significant learning response to masked stimuli following Pavlovian conditioning. However, whereas the observational-learning group also showed this effect, the instructed-learning group did not.