Acoelomorpha: earliest branching bilaterians or deuterostomes?
Acoelomorpha: earliest branching bilaterians or deuterostomes?
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Acoelomorpha：最早的分支两侧对称动物或后口动物？
DOI：
10.1007/s13127-015-0239-1
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Jordi Paps
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iñaki Ruiz;Jordi Paps
Acoelomorpha 是一个由近 400 种不起眼的扁虫组成的动物群。尽管如此，150 年来，无腔动物一直是两侧对称动物起源激烈争论的焦点。在过去的几十年里，动物生命树发生了重大变化，这在很大程度上要归功于分子数据的出现以及更严格的系统发育方法的发展。现在动物生命之树已经有了相对坚固的主干。然而，一些关键节点仍然存在争议，特别是定义双边对称图根的节点。一些研究将 Acoelomorpha（和 Xenoturbellida）定位为所有其他两侧对称动物的姐妹类群，而其他分析则将它们归入后口动物，这表明最后的共同两侧对称动物祖先直接产生了后口动物和原口动物。这个节点的解决将对我们对动物/对称动物进化的理解产生深远的影响。特别是，如果无腔类动物是两侧对称动物的姐妹群，那么这将表明第一个两侧对称动物具有简单的性质。或者，如果无腔动物是后口动物，这将意味着它们是二次简化的结果。在这里，我们回顾了这个问题的现状，并提供了解决这个长期存在的问题的潜在方法。具体来说，我们主张（1）从无腔类动物中获得额外的基因组数据，特别是从进化速度较慢的类群中获得额外的基因组数据； （2）开发新的数据分析工具； (3)宏基因组学或宏转录组学数据的使用。我们相信这三种方法的结合将为无腔动物在动物生命树中的位置提供明确的答案。
The Acoelomorpha is an animal group comprised by nearly 400 species of misleadingly inconspicuous flatworms. Despite this, acoelomorphs have been at the centre of a heated debate about the origin of bilaterian animals for 150 years. The animal tree of life has undergone major changes during the last decades, thanks largely to the advent of molecular data together with the development of more rigorous phylogenetic methods. There is now a relatively robust backbone of the animal tree of life. However, some crucial nodes remain contentious, especially the node defining the root of Bilateria. Some studies situate Acoelomorpha (and Xenoturbellida) as the sister group of all other bilaterians, while other analyses group them within the deuterostomes which instead suggests that the last common bilaterian ancestor directly gave rise to deuterostomes and protostomes. The resolution of this node will have a profound impact on our understanding of animal/bilaterian evolution. In particular, if acoelomorphs are the sister group to Bilateria, it will point to a simple nature for the first bilaterian. Alternatively, if acoelomorphs are deuterostomes, this will imply that they are the result of secondary simplification. Here, we review the state of this question and provide potential ways to solve this long-standing issue. Specifically, we argue for the benefits of (1) obtaining additional genomic data from acoelomorphs, in particular from taxa with slower evolutionary rates; (2) the development of new tools to analyse the data; and (3) the use of metagenomics or metatranscriptomics data. We believe the combination of these three approaches will provide a definitive answer as to the position of the acoelomorphs in the animal tree of life.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
FIELD, KG;OLSEN, GJ;RAFF, RA
通讯作者：
RAFF, RA
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.0896
发表时间：
2009-12-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Hejnol, Andreas;Obst, Matthias;Dunn, Casey W.
通讯作者：
Dunn, Casey W.