[Control of continuous potato monoculture barrier via biological soil disinfestation method in Yellow River irrigation areas of central Gansu Province, Northwest China].
[Control of continuous potato monoculture barrier via biological soil disinfestation method in Yellow River irrigation areas of central Gansu Province, Northwest China].
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发表时间：
2015-04
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通讯作者：
Shu-le Zhang;Guo-feng Liu;H. Qiu;Di Wang;Junlian Zhang;Q. Shen
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作者：
Shu-le Zhang;Guo-feng Liu;H. Qiu;Di Wang;Junlian Zhang;Q. Shen
研究了生物土壤杀虫技术在马铃薯单作连作障碍防治中的应用潜力。BSD包括通过将易分解的有机材料掺入土壤，通过灌溉淹没土壤以及用塑料薄膜覆盖土壤表面来诱导土壤还原条件。对照组（CK）没有覆盖物和有机改良剂以及淹水。通过田间试验，研究了生物屏障技术对马铃薯单作连作障碍的控制效果，特别是对马铃薯产量、植株生长发育、土传病原菌的抑制、土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响。与对照相比，BSD处理的块茎产量和植株生物量分别提高了16.1%和30.8%。同时，BSD处理的病株率和病薯率也分别比对照显著降低了68.0%和46.7%。BSD处理显著提高了马铃薯植株的叶绿素含量和主茎分支数，改善了马铃薯根系的形态特征。与对照相比，播前秸秆还田过程中，土壤pH值和细菌/真菌数量显著增加，真菌和镰刀菌数量显著减少。细菌和放线菌的数量在对照和BSD处理之间没有显著变化。在马铃薯生长期，BSD处理的土壤真菌和镰刀菌数量均低于对照。随着马铃薯生长的推进，BSD处理的镰刀菌种群数量逐渐增加。播前和整个生育期土壤酶活性变化不大。因此，BSD具有控制连续马铃薯单作障碍的潜力，可能是马铃薯土传病害可持续有效管理策略的重要因素。
The potential of biological soil disinfestation (BSD) in control of continuous potato monoculture barrier was investigated in present study. BSD involves the induction of soil reduction conditions through incorporation of easily decomposed organic materials into soil, flooding the soil by irrigation, and covering the soil surface with plastic film. Control (CK) was left without cover and organic amendment as well as flooding. Field experiment was conducted for testing the effect of BSD approach on the control of continuous potato monoculture barrier, especially on tube yield, plant growth and development, suppression of soil-borne pathogen, and soil microbial community and enzyme activities. Compared with CK, BSD treatment significantly increased tuber yield by 16.1% and plant biomass by 30.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the incidence of diseased plant and the ratio of diseased tuber in BSD treatment also significantly decreased by 68.0% and 46.7% as compared to those in CK, respectively. BSD treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll and branch numbers per main stem of potato plants, improved the morphological characteristics of potato root system. In the course of BSD before potato sowing, soil pH value and bacteria/fungi significantly increased, but populations of fungi and Fusarium sp. significantly decreased compared with CK. There were no significant changes in populations of bacteria and actinomycetes between CK and BSD treatments. During potato growing stage, the populations of both soil fungi and Fusarium sp. were lower in BSD treatment than those of CK. With the advance of potato growth, the population of Fusarium sp. in BSD treatment gradually increased compared with CK. There were no significant changes in soil enzyme activities in the course of BSD before potato sowing and the whole of potato growing stage. It was concluded that BSD has the potential to control continuous potato monoculture barrier and may be an important element in a sustainable and effective management strategy for potato soil-borne diseases.