Sex-biased seed predation in gynodioecious Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus (Capryophyllaceae) and differential influence of two seed predator species on the floral traits
Sex-biased seed predation in gynodioecious Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus (Capryophyllaceae) and differential influence of two seed predator species on the floral traits
复制标题
雌雄异株的石竹品种中性别偏向的种子捕食。
DOI：
10.1111/1442-1984.12191
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Miyake Keiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyake Takashi;Satake Ikue;Miyake Keiko
雌雄同体，雌雄同体和雌性个体在一个物种中的共存，是由性别之间的差异生殖成功维持的。近年来，研究人员认识到，在雌雄同体的条件下，传粉者和食草动物都是雌核发育的重要媒介。在这项研究中，我们调查是否有雌雄同体偏向草食植物，石竹superbusvar.longicalycinus，如果是这样，花性状影响雌雄同体偏向草食。对自然居群中的雌花、两性花和雌雄同株花进行了花的形态学（花径、萼筒长、花冠高和花瓣宽）和物候学研究。我们还调查了种子捕食和捕食物种。在研究地点，Sibiniaweevils（鞘翅目）和鞘蛾（鞘翅目）是该物种常见的传播前种子捕食者。象鼻虫在花期出现较早，象鼻虫捕食与花的物候期相关。由于女性个体没有花在本赛季初，象鼻虫捕食是不太频繁的女性个体。蛾的捕食与花萼长度。雌花的花萼长度小于雌雄同体的花萼长度，但直接比较蛾的捕食率没有发现性别变体之间的显着差异。结果表明，两种种子捕食者对长萼杜父树花部性状有不同的影响。我们认为，象鼻虫捕食有助于维护gynodiodiae，因为女性个体成功地逃脱象鼻虫捕食开花晚。目前还不清楚为什么花的物候是不同的性别形态。
Gynodioecy, the co‐occurrence of hermaphrodite and female individuals within a species, is maintained by differential reproductive success between sexes. Recently, researchers recognized that not only pollinators but also herbivores are important agents in the evolution and maintenance of gynodioecy, when herbivory is hermaphrodite biased. In this study, we investigated whether there is hermaphrodite‐biased herbivory in a gynodioecious plant,Dianthus superbusvar.longicalycinus, and if so, what floral traits influenced hermaphrodite‐biased herbivory. We measured flower morphology (flower diameter, calyx tube length, corolla height and petal width) and phenology of flowers of female individuals, hermaphrodites and gynomonoecious individuals in a natural population. We also investigated seed predation and predator species. At the study site,Sibiniaweevils (Curculionidae; Coleoptera) andColeophoramoths (Coleophoridae; Lepidoptera) were common pre‐dispersal seed predators in this species. The weevil appeared early in the flowering season, and weevil predation correlated with flower phenology. Because female individuals did not flower early in the season, weevil predation was less frequent in female individuals. Moth predation correlated with calyx length. The calyx length of flowers of female individuals was smaller than those of hermaphrodites, but a direct comparison of moth predation rates failed to find a significant difference among sex morphs. We found that the two seed predators had different effects on floral traits inD. superbusvar.longicalycinus. We suggest that weevil predation contributes to the maintenance of gynodioecy because female individuals successfully escaped weevil predation by flowering late. It remains unclear why flower phenology is different among sex morphs.