Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers
Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers
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DOI：
10.1111/obr.13126
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发表时间：
2020-08-06
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Lawrence, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baker, Phillip;Machado, Priscila;Lawrence, Mark
了解全球超加工食品（UPF）消费的驱动因素和动态至关重要，因为有证据表明这些食品与不良健康结果有关。在这一综合审查中，我们采取两个步骤。首先，我们量化了按收入和地区分类的国家的人均UPF销售量和趋势，以及这些食品提供的成分（甜味剂，脂肪，钠和化妆品添加剂）。其次，我们回顾了可能解释所观察到的变化的粮食系统和政治经济因素的文献。我们发现有证据表明，全球销售的UPFs的类型和数量大幅增加，这代表着向加工程度更高的全球饮食过渡，但地区和国家之间存在很大差异。随着国家变得更加富裕，更多的数量和更多种类的UPFs被出售。销售额在澳大拉西亚、北美、欧洲和拉丁美洲最高，但在亚洲、中东和非洲增长迅速。这些事态发展与粮食系统的工业化、技术变革和全球化密切相关，包括市场的增长和跨国粮食公司的政治活动，以及在这些新情况下保护营养的政策不足。正在进行的饮食变化的规模，特别是在人口稠密的中等收入国家，引起了对全球健康的严重关注。
Understanding the drivers and dynamics of global ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is essential, given the evidence linking these foods with adverse health outcomes. In this synthesis review, we take two steps. First, we quantify per capita volumes and trends in UPF sales, and ingredients (sweeteners, fats, sodium and cosmetic additives) supplied by these foods, in countries classified by income and region. Second, we review the literature on food systems and political economy factors that likely explain the observed changes. We find evidence for a substantial expansion in the types and quantities of UPFs sold worldwide, representing a transition towards a more processed global diet but with wide variations between regions and countries. As countries grow richer, higher volumes and a wider variety of UPFs are sold. Sales are highest in Australasia, North America, Europe and Latin America but growing rapidly in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. These developments are closely linked with the industrialization of food systems, technological change and globalization, including growth in the market and political activities of transnational food corporations and inadequate policies to protect nutrition in these new contexts. The scale of dietary change underway, especially in highly populated middle-income countries, raises serious concern for global health.