Just Transitions for the Miners: Labor Environmentalism in the Ruhr and Appalachian Coalfields
Just Transitions for the Miners: Labor Environmentalism in the Ruhr and Appalachian Coalfields
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DOI：
10.1080/07393148.2017.1301313
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Abraham, Judson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abraham, Judson
随着环境立法威胁到与能源相关的工作岗位，工会可能会寻求确保他们的工人只是过渡。只是过渡是为了保证因环境法规而失业的工人获得体面、高薪的新工作或提前退休的计划。具有新社团主义传统的激进工会将最有可能要求其成员过渡。本文提供了环境改革威胁到煤矿工人生计的地区的煤矿工会的两个比较案例。德国IG Bergbau，Chemie，Energie/Industrial Guild Mining，Chemical，Energy(IG BCE)的工人们运用持续的好战态度，迫使德国政府和雇主接受越来越全面和民主的工人参与能源部门的政策制定。拥有对其行业相当大的控制权的IG BCE，准备在德国政府开始逐步淘汰地下采矿之前，要求他们的矿工进行公正的过渡。美国矿工联合会(UMWA)有着悠久的好战传统，在他们历史的不同关头，他们迫使雇主和工会官僚接受某种程度的工业民主。然而，UMWA的社团主义是一种有限的社团主义，从来没有德国新社团主义那么民主。随着UMWA赢得了对煤炭行业决策的更多投入，他们对环境保护的承诺也增加了。然而，自20世纪70年代末以来，UMWA的好战情绪已经减弱，他们开始拒绝过渡和其他环保政策。
As environmental legislation threatens energy-related jobs, unions may seek to assure just transitions for their workers. Just transitions are programs to guarantee decent, well-paying new jobs or early retirement for workers displaced by environmental regulations. Militant unions with a tradition of neo-corporatism will be best positioned to demand just transitions for their members. This article provides two comparative case studies of coal miners' unions in areas where environmental reform threatens coal workers' livelihoods. Workers in Germany's IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie/Industrial Guild Mining, Chemical, Energy (IG BCE) have applied sustained militancy to force the German government and employers to accept increasingly comprehensive and democratic worker input into the energy sector's policy-making. Possessing a good deal of control over their industry, IG BCE was prepared to demand a just transition for their miners by the time the German government began phasing out underground mining. The UMWA (United Mine Workers of America) miners have a long tradition of militancy and have, at various junctures in their history, forced their employers and union bureaucrats to accept some degree of industrial democracy. However, the UMWA's corporatism was a limited corporatism that was never as democratic as German neo-corporatism. The UMWA's commitment to environmentalism increased as they won an expanded level of input into the coal industry's decision-making. Nevertheless, since the late 1970s the UMWA's militancy has waned and they have come to reject just transitions and other environmentalist policies.