Distinguishing hope and optimism: Two sides of a coin, or two separate coins?
Distinguishing hope and optimism: Two sides of a coin, or two separate coins?
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DOI：
10.1521/jscp.23.2.273.31018
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Cvengros, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bryan, FB;Cvengros, JA
结构方程模型被用来测试假设（a）的维度测量的气质希望（成人希望量表，AHS）和气质乐观（生活取向测试，LOT），（B）的程度和来源的概念重叠和分歧之间的希望和乐观，（c）模式的判别效度为每个特质。独立的双因素模型最适合希望（代理和路径，r = 0.68）和乐观（乐观和悲观，r =-0.63）数据。分析合并的AHS和LOT数据，具有独立的、相关的二阶因子希望和乐观（r = .80）的测量模型比具有单个二阶因子的高阶模型提供了更好的拟合。乐观主义与机构和途径同样相关，而悲观主义与机构的相关性比与途径的相关性更强。假设，二阶乐观有一个更强的影响，使用积极的重新评价作为应对策略比二阶希望，而二阶希望有一个更强的影响一般自我效能感的水平比二阶乐观。我们认为，希望更直接地关注个人实现特定目标，而乐观主义则更广泛地关注未来结果的预期质量。
Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses about (a) the dimensionality of measures of dispositional hope (the Adult Hope Scale, AHS) and dispositional optimism (the Life Orientation Test, LOT), (b) the extent and source of conceptual overlap and divergence between hope and optimism, and (c) patterns of discriminant validity for each trait. Separate two-factor models best fit the hope (Agency and Pathways, r = .68) and optimism (Optimism and Pessimism, r = -.63) data. Analyzing the combined AHS and LOT data, a measurement model with separate, correlated second-order factors of Hope and Optimism (r = .80) provided a better fit than did a higher-order model with a single second-order factor. Optimism correlated equally with both Agency and Pathways, whereas Pessimism was more strongly correlated with Agency than with Pathways. Confirming hypotheses, second-order Optimism had a stronger influence on the use of positive reappraisal as a coping strategy than did second-order Hope, whereas second-order Hope had a stronger influence on level of general self-efficacy than did second-order Optimism. We suggest that hope focuses more directly on the personal attainment of specific goals, whereas optimism focuses more broadly on the expected quality of future outcomes in general.