TERRESTRIAL HIGHER PLANTS WHICH HYPERACCUMULATE METALLIC ELEMENTS. A REVIEW OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY
TERRESTRIAL HIGHER PLANTS WHICH HYPERACCUMULATE METALLIC ELEMENTS. A REVIEW OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY
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发表时间：
1989
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通讯作者：
A. Baker;R. Brooks
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Baker;R. Brooks
本文综述了干物质中金属元素富集能力极强的陆生高等植物的植物地理、生态、金属耐受性和植物化学等方面的研究进展。综述仅限于Co， Cu, Cr， Pb元素。锰。Ni和Zn。Co, Cu, Cr， Pb和Ni的超蓄积体在这里被定义为在干物质中含有超过1000ug /g （ppm）的任何这些元素的植物；Mn和Zn的标准为10,000 u.g/g（1%）。高积植物的一个统一特征是它们对矿化土壤和特定岩石类型的一般限制。为所考虑的元素列出了高堆积物种列表。这表明这种现象在整个植物界都很普遍。例如，145种镍超富集植物分布于6亚目17目22科，包括温带和热带地区的草本、灌木和乔木。虽然出现了一些系统关系，但金属超富集的进化意义仍然不清楚。然而，植物化学研究表明，超积累与金属耐受机制密切相关，涉及成功定植含金属和其他植物毒性土壤。指出了高积累植物在生物覆盖和土壤解毒方面的潜力。
This paper reviews the plant geography, ecology, metal tolerance and phytochcmistry of terrestrial higher plants which arc able to accumulate metallic elements in their dry matter to an exceptional degree. The review is limited to the elements Co, Cu, Cr, Pb. Mn. Ni and Zn. Hyperaccumulators of Co, Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni arc here defined as plants containing over 1000 u.g/g (ppm) of any of these elements in the dry matter; for Mn and Zn, the criterion is 10,000 u.g/g (1%). A unifying feature of hypcraccumula ting plants is their general restriction to mineralized soils and specific rock types. Lists of hypcraccumula ting species arc presented for the elements considered. These suggest that the phenomenon is widespread throughout the plant kingdom. For example, 145 hyper-accumulators of nickel are reported: these arc distributed among 6 supcrordcrs, 17 orders, and 22 families and include herbs, shrubs and trees from both the temperate and tropical zones. Although some phylogcnetic relationships emerge, the evolutionary significance of metal hyperaccumulation remains obscure. Phytochemical studies however suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils. The potentialities of hyperaccumula ting plants in biorccovcry and soil detoxification arc indicated.