On the fractionation of agglutinins and antitoxin
On the fractionation of agglutinins and antitoxin
复制标题
凝集素和抗毒素的分离
DOI：
10.3181/00379727-4-15
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发表时间：
1906
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. R. Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. B. Gibson;K. R. Collins
E. P. Pick在1901年将许多抗物质分别与霍夫迈斯特分类法中的两种血清球蛋白组分中的一种或另一种联系起来。在假球蛋白[3.4至4.6 sat.（NH 4）2SO 4溶液1 ]组的抗体，他把白喉和破伤风抗毒素和伤寒凝集素的马血清;较低或优球蛋白馏分（2.9至3.4 sat.）包括山羊的白喉、破伤风抗毒素和霍乱溶素，山羊、兔和豚鼠的伤寒凝集素，最后是马和山羊的霍乱凝集素。根据皮克的观点，通过分离适当的血清混合物，可以分离出特异性反应的抗物质。这种可能性表明，这种方法可以应用于某些抗体的进一步研究，特别是通过对单一菌株的免疫而产生的特异性凝集素和群凝集素的关系。在我们研究过程中的初步实验表明皮克鉴别法的不可靠性，因此，我们的注意力转向了通过球蛋白的分级来区分抗体的实际可能性和实用性。多凝集血清的可用性为对这些抗体在组分中的分布进行大量和扩展的观察提供了机会。在用兔和山羊血清进行的实验中反复发现，痢疾菌群（Flexner Manila和滋贺）、伤寒、大肠杆菌和霍乱的凝集素不仅限于假球蛋白，也不限于用3.4 sat.（NH 4）2SO 4溶液]优球蛋白级分;它们或者被分级分离，主要部分出现在假球蛋白中，或者几乎全部回收的凝集物质都在这个较高的级分中，彼此之间呈原始的定量比例。
E. P. Pick in 1901 associated a number of anti-substances individually with the one or the other of the two serum globulin fractions of the Hofmeister classification. In the pseudoglobulin [3.4 to 4.6 sat. (NH4)2SO4 solution 1 ] group of antibodies he placed the diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins and the typhoid agglutinin of horse serum; the lower or euglobulin fraction (2.9 to 3.4 sat.) comprises diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin and cholera lysin in the goat, typhoid agglutinin in the goat, rabbit and guinea pig, and finally cholera agglutinin in the horse and goat. It becomes possible, according to Pick, to separate the individual specifically reacting anti-substances by fractioning appropriate mixtures of sera. Such a possibility suggested the application of this method to the further study of certain anti-bodies, especially of the relation of specific and group agglutinins developed by immunization against a single strain of organism. Preliminary experiments in the course of our investigation indicated the unreliability of Pick's differentiation, and attention was accordingly directed to the actual possibility and practicability of distinguishing between anti-bodies by fractionation of the globulin. The availability of poly-agglutinative sera for the work gave a chance for making numerous and extended observations of the distribution of these anti-bodies in the fractions. It was found repeatedly in experiments with rabbit and goat sera that the agglutinins for the dysentery group of organisms (Flexner Manila and Shiga), typhoid, coli and cholera, were not confined to either the pseudoglobulin or the washed [with 3.4 sat. (NH4)2SO4 solution] euglobulin fractions; they were either split by the fractioning, the major portion occurring in the pseudoglobulin, or almost the entire amount of the agglutinating substances recovered were in this higher fraction in the original quantitative proportion to one another.