Does economic inequality affect child malnutrition? The case of Ecuador
Does economic inequality affect child malnutrition? The case of Ecuador
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.024
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kawachi, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Larrea, C;Kawachi, I
人们假设经济不平等是人口健康的决定因素，与贫困和家庭收入无关。我们研究了厄瓜多尔经济不平等与儿童营养不良之间的关联。经济不平等是通过 1990 年人口普查估计的家庭人均消费基尼系数来衡量的。根据 1998 年生活标准测量调查 (LSMS) 的年龄别身高 z 分数评估儿童发育迟缓情况。我们控制了一系列个人和家庭协变量，包括人均食物消费、教育、住房、种族、生育力、获得医疗服务的机会、腹泻发病率、儿童保育、母亲年龄和饮食结构。厄瓜多尔 26% 的五岁以下儿童仍面临发育迟缓问题，其中高地农村地区和土著人民的患病率更高。产妇教育、基本住房条件、获得保健服务的机会、种族、生育力、产妇年龄和饮食结构与发育迟缓独立相关。然而，在控制相关协变量后，省级经济不平等对发育迟缓产生了统计上显着的有害影响。在市或地方层面，不平等与发育迟缓无关。 (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Economic inequality has been hypothesized to be a determinant of population health, independent of poverty and household income. We examined the association between economic inequality and child malnutrition in Ecuador. Economic inequality was measured by the Gini coefficient of household per capita consumption, estimated from the 1990 Census. Childhood stunting, assessed from height-for-age z scores, was obtained from the 1998 Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS). We controlled for a range of individual and household covariates, including per capita food consumption, education, housing, ethnicity, fertility, access to health services, diarrhea morbidity, child care, mother's age and diet composition. Stunting still affects 26% of children under five in Ecuador, with higher prevalence in the rural Highlands and among indigenous peoples. Maternal education, basic housing conditions, access to health services, ethnicity, fertility, maternal age and diet composition were independently associated with stunting. However, after controlling for relevant covariates, economic inequality at the provincial scale had a statistically significant deleterious effect on stunting. At municipal or local levels, inequality was not associated with stunting. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.