Contrast and accentuation effects in category learning.
Contrast and accentuation effects in category learning.
复制标题
类别学习中的对比和强调效应。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.59.4.651
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Rothbart,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krueger,J;Rothbart,M
这项研究考察了感知到的类别间差异的强调。在实验1中，呈现了两组特质形容词--一组中性的形容词和一组有利或不利的特质。SS估计了每一组的平均亲和度。然后，通过添加新的特征来增加或降低中性集合的平均亲和度。正如预测的那样，当中性集合与上下文集合变得更加不同时，中性集合的估计平均好感变化比当它变得更加相似时变化更大。在实验2中，估计的类别平均数彼此偏离(对比效应)，当新信息增加特质偏好的变异性时，它们的距离更远(强调效应)。这一变化是虚幻的，因为实际的类别意味着保持不变。实验3用特征形容词描述两个新群体的成员，实验2重复实验2。对比效应和强调效应与组间知觉的发展和维持的相关性被讨论。
This study examines the accentuation of perceived intercategory differences. In Experiment 1, 2 sets of trait adjectives were presented—a neutral set and a set of either favorable traits or unfavorable traits. Ss estimated the mean favorability of each set. The mean favorability of the neutral set was then increased or decreased by adding new traits. As predicted, the estimated mean favorability of the neutral set changed more when the set became more distinct from a contextual set than when it became more similar. In Experiment 2, estimated category means were displaced away from each other (contrast effect), and they moved even farther apart when new information increased the variability of trait favorability (accentuation effect). This change was illusory because the actual category means remained constant. Experiment 3, in which trait adjectives described members of 2 novel groups, replicated Experiment 2. The relevance of contrast and accentuation effects to the development and maintenance of differentiated intergroup perceptions is discussed.