Integrating environmental and self-report data to refine cannabis prevalence estimates in a major urban area of Switzerland
Integrating environmental and self-report data to refine cannabis prevalence estimates in a major urban area of Switzerland
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.06.008
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Esseiva, Pierre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Been, Frederic;Schneider, Christian;Esseiva, Pierre
背景：由于对审查现行法规的讨论，大麻消费是一个热门话题。在这方面，有一种更全面的方法来评估和监测流行率和消费量是非常重要的。这项工作的目的是通过结合自我报告数据和废水分析的结果来完善当前对大麻使用流行率的估计。在15个月的时间里，在瑞士西部洛桑的废水处理厂收集了废水样本。监测了β-9-四氢大麻酚(THC)的特异性代谢物11-Nor-9-羧基-9-四氢大麻酚(THC-COOH)的存在。结果：根据调查数据，瑞士西部15岁及以上人口的12个月流行率估计为6.2%，估计每日大麻消费量为8.1g/d(-1)。1000 inhab(-1)(纯度为11.2%)。由自我报告和废水数据组成的综合模型大大减少了估计中的不确定性，并建议最后一年的流行率为9.4%，每日大麻消费量为14.0g/d(-1)。1000吸毒者(-1)。结论：虽然综合模型得到的消费量和流行率估计值相同，但与自我报告数字相比，消费量和流行率分别高出78%和52%。有趣的是，这些数字与比较自我报告的酒精消费和销售或税收数据时观察到的差异相似。所建议的综合模型能够解释已知的不确定性来源，并提供了对瑞士一个主要城市地区大麻流行率的精确估计。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Background: Cannabis consumption is a topical subject because of discussions about reviewing current regulations. In this context, having a more comprehensive approach to assess and monitor prevalence and consumption is highly relevant. The objective of this work was to refine current estimates about prevalence of cannabis use by combining self-report data and results derived from wastewater analysis.Methods: Self-report data was retrieved from surveys conducted in Switzerland and Europe. Wastewater samples were collected at the wastewater treatment plant of Lausanne, western Switzerland, over a 15 months period. The occurrence of 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), a specific metabolite of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was monitored. Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate consumption, prevalence and number of cannabis users in the investigated area.Results: According to survey data, 12-months prevalence in western Switzerland was estimated to 6.2% of the population aged 15 or older, with an estimated daily cannabis consumption of 8.1 g day(-1).1000 inhab(-1) (at 11.2% purity). The integrative model comprising self-report and wastewater data substantially reduced the uncertainty in the estimates and suggested a last-year prevalence of 9.4%, with a daily cannabis consumption of 14.0 g day(-1).1000 inhab(-1).Conclusion: Although in the same order of magnitude, consumption and prevalence estimates obtained with the integrative model were 78% and 52% higher compared to self-report figures, respectively. Interestingly, these figures are similar to discrepancies observed when comparing self-reported alcohol consumption and sales or tax data. The suggested integrative model allowed to account for known sources of uncertainty and provided refined estimates of cannabis prevalence in a major urban area of Switzerland. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.